If ли шарт ергаш гап нореал нолатда

IF ЛИ ШАРТ ЕРГАШ ГАП НОРЕАЛ НОЛАТДА

She is feeling sick. She’s eaten too much chocolate. If she ……, she ……. sick now.

Yuqoridagi misolda «IF»li gaplar mavzusiga oid gap berilgan. Nuqtalar o’rnini to’ldirish uchun esa albatta javob variantlari beriladi. Ammo agar Siz yuqoridagi gapda ishlatilayotgan grammatika mavzuni bilsangiz, to’g’rirog’i, ushbu maqolamiz davomida beriladigan formulalarni to’liq yodlab olsangiz, yuqoridagiga o’xshash testlarni yechish Siz uchun umuman qiyinchilik tug’dirmaydi. Ishoning, agar formulalarni yaxshi yodlab, ularning qaysi ma’noda ishlatilishini o’rganib olsangiz gaplarni to’liq tarjima qilishingiz, hattoki grammatikaning qaysi mavzusi haqida gap ketayotganligiga ahamiyat bermasangiz ham testning to’g’ri javobini topishingiz mumkin.

Formulalarni o’ziga hos qolib shaklida o’rganamiz. Biz bu formulalarda asosiy fe’l sifatida «DO» – bajarmoq, fe’lidan foydalanamiz. Esingizda bo’lsin, formulalardagi «DO» (bajarmoq) fe’li o’rnida testlarda har qanday fe’l bo’lishi mumkin. Asosiysi, Siz formulaning ma’nosini yaxshi o’rganib olishingiz kerak. Formulalar gap va tarjima-izoh shaklida beriladi. Quyida berilgan formulalarni o’zingizga qulay har qanday shaklda o’zgartirib yodlab olishingiz mumkin. Bu muhim va juda foydali formulalar quyidagilar.

1. 
   IF I DO, I WILL DO – AGAR BAJARSAM, SHUNDA BAJARAMAN. Bu formulaning birinchi qismida, ya’ni IF qatnashga qismida hech qachon WILL (kelasi zamon) ishlatilmaydi. Bu shart ergash gap formulasi. Masalan: If I go to London, I’ll let you know – Agar men Londonga borsam, Sizga habar beraman.
   
2. 
   WHEN I DO, I WILL DO – QACHONKI BAJARSAM, SHUNDA BAJARAMAN. Bu formula tepadagi formulaning shakl jihatidan huddi o’zi, ammo bitta farqi – bu payt ergash gap. Masalan: When I go to the shop, I’ll buy a paper – Qachonki men do’konga borsam, shunda gazeta sotib olaman.
   
3. 
   IF I DID, I WOULD DO – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, HOZIR BAJARGAN BO’LARDIM. Noreal gap formulasi. Bu gapda aytilayotgan fikr aslida mavjud bo’lmaydi, yoki bajarilmaydi. Masalan: If I had a car, I would drive it to work – Agar mashinam bo’lganda edi, hozir uni ishga haydab borardim (aslida hozir mashinam yo’q).
   
4. 
   IF I HAD DONE, I WOULD HAVE DONE – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, BAJARA OLGAN BO’LARDIM. Bu gap o’tib ketgan, bajarilmagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Bunday ish-harakatlarni takrorlash, ortga qaytarish yoki qaytarishning iloji bo’lmaydi. Masalan: If I had met you in London, I would have given you my address – Agar Sizni Londonda uchratganimda edi (o’sha vaqti, o’tgan zamonda), Sizga manzilimni bergan bo’lar edim (o’sha vaqti, o’tgan zamonda) (lekin afsuski Sizni u yerda uchratmadim va hozir Londondan qaytib kelganman. Endi vaqtni orqaga qaytarib Londonga o’sha vaziyatda qaytib borishning imkoni yo’q.).
   
5. 
   IF I HAD DONE, I WOULD DO – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, HOZIR BAJARA OLGAN BO’LAR EDIM. Endi bu formulaning ikki qismi bor: birinchi qismi (had done) o’tgan zamondagi o’tib ketgan, ortga qaytarib bo’lsam ish-harakatni ifodalaydi; gapning ikkinchi qismi esa hozirgi zamonda sodir etiladigan yoki sodir etilishi kutilgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Masalan: If I had learned to swim in my childhood, I would go to the lake with you – Agar bolaligimda suzishni o’rganganimda edi, hozir Siz bilan ko’lga borgan bo’lar edim.
   
6. 
   I WISH I HAD DONE – QANI EDI BAJARGANIMDA EDI. Bu formula yuqoridagi 3-formula ma’nosini berib, formulaning faqat birinchi qismini ifodalaydi, ya’ni o’tib ketgan ish harakatni afsus bilan eslashni nazarda tutadi. Masalan: I’m exhausted. I wish I had stayed at home – Men juda charchaganman. Qani edi uyda qolgan bo’lganimda edi (lekin aslida hozir uyda emasman va menda tanlov bo’lgan vaqtida afsuski uyda qolishni tanlamagan edim).
   
7. 
   I WISH IT WOULD DO – QANI EDI U BAJARSA EDI. Bunda so’zlovchi yuqoridagi formulalarda farqli ravishda o’zining emas, balki boshqa biror kishining, kimningdir biror ishni bajarishini xohlaydi. Masalan: The music next door is very loud I wish they would turn it down – Keyingi xonadagi musiqa juda baland. Qani edi ular uni pastroq qilsa edi.
   
8. 
   IF I WERE YOU I WOULD DO – AGAR MEN SIZNING O’RNINGIZDA BO’LGANIMDA EDI MEN BAJARGAN BO’LARDIM. Bunda so’zlovchi kimningdir o’rnida bo’lganida, yoki shunday holatda bo’lganida nima ish-harakatni bajargan bo’lishi haqida gapiradi. Masalan: If I were you, I would go home – Agar Sizning o’rningizda bo’lganimda, men uyga ketgan bo’lardim.
   
9. 
   SEE SOMEBODY DO – KIMNINGDIR NIMADIR QILGANINI KO’RISH.Bunda kimdir boshqa biror kishining biror ishni qilganini ko’radi. Bu formulada bajarilgan ish-harakatni boshidan oxirigacha ko’rganlik nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I saw her get into the car – Men uning mashinaga o’tirganligini ko’rdim (ishni boshidan oxirigacha, ya’ni, u mashinaga yaqin kelgandan boshlab uning mashinaga to’liq o’tirib eshikni yopganigacha ko’rdim).
   
10. 
    SEE SOMEBODY DOING – KIMNINGDIR NIMADIR QILAYOTGANLIGINI KO’RISH. Yuqoridagi formula mazmunini o’zi, faqat bunda bajarilgan ish harakatni boshidan oxirigacha emas, balki o’rtasida, ish-harakat bajarilayotgan vaqtda ko’rish nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I saw her waiting for the bus – Men uning avtobus kutayotganini ko’rdim (qachon kutib boshlaganini ko’rmadim, qachongacha kutib avtobusga o’tirib ketganini ko’rmadim, ammo uning avtobusni kutayotganini ko’rdim, ish-harakatning o’rtasida, davom etib turgan vaqtida ko’rdim).
    
11. 
    HAVE SOMETHING DONE – BIROR ISHNI QILDIRISH. Bu formuladagi gaplarda biror ishni o’zi bajarmasdan kimgadir bajartirish nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I had my shoes cleaned – Men tuflimni tozalattirdim (o’zim tozalamadim, kimnidir yollab, unga tozalatdim).
    
12. 
    THE MORE… THE BETTER… – QANCHALIK … BO’LSA, SHUNCHALIK … BO’LADI. Qo’sh-qiyos. Bunda aniq artikl bilan ikkita qiyosiy darajadagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Masalan: The more you read, the better you understand the matter – Qanchalik ko’p o’qisang, masalani shunchalik yaxshiroq tushunasan.
    
13. 
    GET/HAVE SOMEBODY TO DO SOMETHING – KIMNIDIR BIROR ISHNI QILISHGA MAJBUR QILISH. Bu yuqoridagi 11-formulamiz ma’nosini beradi, faqat bu formulada ish-harakatni kimga qildirganligi alohida ta’kidlanib, muhim hisoblanadi. Formuladan ko’rinib turibdiki, GET yoki HAVE yordamchi fe’llari bir hil ishlatilishi mumkin. Masalan: I got Tom to clean my shoes – Men Tomni tuflimni tozalashga majbur qildim.
    

She is feeling sick. She’s eaten too much chocolate. If she ……, she ……. sick now.

Yuqoridagi misolda «IF»li gaplar mavzusiga oid gap berilgan. Nuqtalar o’rnini to’ldirish uchun esa albatta javob variantlari beriladi. Ammo agar Siz yuqoridagi gapda ishlatilayotgan grammatika mavzuni bilsangiz, to’g’rirog’i, ushbu maqolamiz davomida beriladigan formulalarni to’liq yodlab olsangiz, yuqoridagiga o’xshash testlarni yechish Siz uchun umuman qiyinchilik tug’dirmaydi. Ishoning, agar formulalarni yaxshi yodlab, ularning qaysi ma’noda ishlatilishini o’rganib olsangiz gaplarni to’liq tarjima qilishingiz, hattoki grammatikaning qaysi mavzusi haqida gap ketayotganligiga ahamiyat bermasangiz ham testning to’g’ri javobini topishingiz mumkin.

Formulalarni o’ziga hos qolib shaklida o’rganamiz. Biz bu formulalarda asosiy fe’l sifatida «DO» – bajarmoq, fe’lidan foydalanamiz. Esingizda bo’lsin, formulalardagi «DO» (bajarmoq) fe’li o’rnida testlarda har qanday fe’l bo’lishi mumkin. Asosiysi, Siz formulaning ma’nosini yaxshi o’rganib olishingiz kerak. Formulalar gap va tarjima-izoh shaklida beriladi. Quyida berilgan formulalarni o’zingizga qulay har qanday shaklda o’zgartirib yodlab olishingiz mumkin. Bu muhim va juda foydali formulalar quyidagilar.

14. 
    IF I DO, I WILL DO – AGAR BAJARSAM, SHUNDA BAJARAMAN. Bu formulaning birinchi qismida, ya’ni IF qatnashga qismida hech qachon WILL (kelasi zamon) ishlatilmaydi. Bu shart ergash gap formulasi. Masalan: If I go to London, I’ll let you know – Agar men Londonga borsam, Sizga habar beraman.
    
15. 
    WHEN I DO, I WILL DO – QACHONKI BAJARSAM, SHUNDA BAJARAMAN. Bu formula tepadagi formulaning shakl jihatidan huddi o’zi, ammo bitta farqi – bu payt ergash gap. Masalan: When I go to the shop, I’ll buy a paper – Qachonki men do’konga borsam, shunda gazeta sotib olaman.
    
16. 
    IF I DID, I WOULD DO – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, HOZIR BAJARGAN BO’LARDIM. Noreal gap formulasi. Bu gapda aytilayotgan fikr aslida mavjud bo’lmaydi, yoki bajarilmaydi. Masalan: If I had a car, I would drive it to work – Agar mashinam bo’lganda edi, hozir uni ishga haydab borardim (aslida hozir mashinam yo’q).
    
17. 
    IF I HAD DONE, I WOULD HAVE DONE – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, BAJARA OLGAN BO’LARDIM. Bu gap o’tib ketgan, bajarilmagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Bunday ish-harakatlarni takrorlash, ortga qaytarish yoki qaytarishning iloji bo’lmaydi. Masalan: If I had met you in London, I would have given you my address – Agar Sizni Londonda uchratganimda edi (o’sha vaqti, o’tgan zamonda), Sizga manzilimni bergan bo’lar edim (o’sha vaqti, o’tgan zamonda) (lekin afsuski Sizni u yerda uchratmadim va hozir Londondan qaytib kelganman. Endi vaqtni orqaga qaytarib Londonga o’sha vaziyatda qaytib borishning imkoni yo’q.).
    
18. 
    IF I HAD DONE, I WOULD DO – AGAR BAJARGANIMDA EDI, HOZIR BAJARA OLGAN BO’LAR EDIM. Endi bu formulaning ikki qismi bor: birinchi qismi (had done) o’tgan zamondagi o’tib ketgan, ortga qaytarib bo’lsam ish-harakatni ifodalaydi; gapning ikkinchi qismi esa hozirgi zamonda sodir etiladigan yoki sodir etilishi kutilgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Masalan: If I had learned to swim in my childhood, I would go to the lake with you – Agar bolaligimda suzishni o’rganganimda edi, hozir Siz bilan ko’lga borgan bo’lar edim.
    
19. 
    I WISH I HAD DONE – QANI EDI BAJARGANIMDA EDI. Bu formula yuqoridagi 3-formula ma’nosini berib, formulaning faqat birinchi qismini ifodalaydi, ya’ni o’tib ketgan ish harakatni afsus bilan eslashni nazarda tutadi. Masalan: I’m exhausted. I wish I had stayed at home – Men juda charchaganman. Qani edi uyda qolgan bo’lganimda edi (lekin aslida hozir uyda emasman va menda tanlov bo’lgan vaqtida afsuski uyda qolishni tanlamagan edim).
    
20. 
    I WISH IT WOULD DO – QANI EDI U BAJARSA EDI. Bunda so’zlovchi yuqoridagi formulalarda farqli ravishda o’zining emas, balki boshqa biror kishining, kimningdir biror ishni bajarishini xohlaydi. Masalan: The music next door is very loud I wish they would turn it down – Keyingi xonadagi musiqa juda baland. Qani edi ular uni pastroq qilsa edi.
    
21. 
    IF I WERE YOU I WOULD DO – AGAR MEN SIZNING O’RNINGIZDA BO’LGANIMDA EDI MEN BAJARGAN BO’LARDIM. Bunda so’zlovchi kimningdir o’rnida bo’lganida, yoki shunday holatda bo’lganida nima ish-harakatni bajargan bo’lishi haqida gapiradi. Masalan: If I were you, I would go home – Agar Sizning o’rningizda bo’lganimda, men uyga ketgan bo’lardim.
    
22. 
    SEE SOMEBODY DO – KIMNINGDIR NIMADIR QILGANINI KO’RISH.Bunda kimdir boshqa biror kishining biror ishni qilganini ko’radi. Bu formulada bajarilgan ish-harakatni boshidan oxirigacha ko’rganlik nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I saw her get into the car – Men uning mashinaga o’tirganligini ko’rdim (ishni boshidan oxirigacha, ya’ni, u mashinaga yaqin kelgandan boshlab uning mashinaga to’liq o’tirib eshikni yopganigacha ko’rdim).
    
23. 
    SEE SOMEBODY DOING – KIMNINGDIR NIMADIR QILAYOTGANLIGINI KO’RISH. Yuqoridagi formula mazmunini o’zi, faqat bunda bajarilgan ish harakatni boshidan oxirigacha emas, balki o’rtasida, ish-harakat bajarilayotgan vaqtda ko’rish nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I saw her waiting for the bus – Men uning avtobus kutayotganini ko’rdim (qachon kutib boshlaganini ko’rmadim, qachongacha kutib avtobusga o’tirib ketganini ko’rmadim, ammo uning avtobusni kutayotganini ko’rdim, ish-harakatning o’rtasida, davom etib turgan vaqtida ko’rdim).
    
24. 
    HAVE SOMETHING DONE – BIROR ISHNI QILDIRISH. Bu formuladagi gaplarda biror ishni o’zi bajarmasdan kimgadir bajartirish nazarda tutiladi. Masalan: I had my shoes cleaned – Men tuflimni tozalattirdim (o’zim tozalamadim, kimnidir yollab, unga tozalatdim).
    
25. 
    THE MORE… THE BETTER… – QANCHALIK … BO’LSA, SHUNCHALIK … BO’LADI. Qo’sh-qiyos. Bunda aniq artikl bilan ikkita qiyosiy darajadagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Masalan: The more you read, the better you understand the matter – Qanchalik ko’p o’qisang, masalani shunchalik yaxshiroq tushunasan.
    
26. 
    GET/HAVE SOMEBODY TO DO SOMETHING – KIMNIDIR BIROR ISHNI QILISHGA MAJBUR QILISH. Bu yuqoridagi 11-formulamiz ma’nosini beradi, faqat bu formulada ish-harakatni kimga qildirganligi alohida ta’kidlanib, muhim hisoblanadi. Formuladan ko’rinib turibdiki, GET yoki HAVE yordamchi fe’llari bir hil ishlatilishi mumkin. Masalan: I got Tom to clean my shoes – Men Tomni tuflimni tozalashga majbur qildim.
    
27. 
    Conditional Sentence Type 1
    
28. 
    Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
    
29. 
    Form:
    

    If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

30. 
    Use
    
31. 
    Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
    
32. 
    Example:
    
33. 
    If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
    
34. 
    I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.
    
35. 
    Conditional Sentence Type 2
    
36. 
    Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.
    
37. 
    Form:
    

    if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

38. 
    Were / Was
    
39. 
    In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
    
40. 
    NOTE "was" is also a possible form.
    
41. 
    Example:
    
42. 
    If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.
    
43. 
    Use
    
44. 
    Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.
    
45. 
    Example:
    
46. 
    If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
    
47. 
    Conditional Sentence Type 3
    
48. 
    It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.
    
49. 
    Form:
    

    if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

50. 
    Use
    
51. 
    Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to past given situations.
    
52. 
    Example:
    
53. 
    If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
    
54. 
    Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident
    
55. 
    Things to remember
    
56. 
    1. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
    
57. 
    Examples:
    
58. 
    "Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
    " I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
    " I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
    "He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."
    
59. 
    2. Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.
    
60. 
    Example:
    
61. 
    If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
    If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.
    
62.