In modern English, there are some words which have been back-formed relatively recently

The Prelude: Book 1: Childhood and School-time by William Wordsworth:

• The Prelude: Book 1: Childhood and School-time by William Wordsworth:
• Not seldom from the uproar I retired
• Into a silent bay, or sportively
• Glanced sideway, leaving the tumultuous throng,
• To cut across the image of a star
• That gleam’d upon the ice

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot:

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot:

• I am no prophet — and here’s no great matter;
• I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,
• And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,
• And in short, I was afraid

Litotes as a Form of Irony

• Litotes as a Form of Irony
• “Paradoxically, litotes, like hyperbole, involve intensification, suggesting that the speaker's feelings are too deep for plain expression (e.g., ‘it's not bad”, “he's no Hercules”, “she's no beauty”, “he's not exactly a pauper”). Because of their two-layer significance superficial indifference and underlying commitment litotes are often treated as a category of irony.

In managing fixed tasks we have set the following conclusions: I. Linguo cultural studies in science which identifies the connection culture with language. II. Stylistics as a branch of linguistics which includes classifications, subdivisions of stylistic devices. III. Linguo cultural analysis of litotes in poems, proses and in the literary works.

The current study concludes the following: 1. Litotes is found in almost any downward entailing context. 2. Litotes is traditionally seen as an instance of double negation. 3. The incompatibility of negative expression and the context of the expression. 4. Translating litotes is a highly sophisticated issue; the translator has to be well- versed with the eccentricities of both languages. 5. In litotes constructions, the two negations have to be associated with compatible scales. 6. The term litotes involves a type of vagueness which can be considered an essential feature.

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