Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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White Notebook #2, 38. Willison, George: Publicist for the Democratic National Committee in 1945. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 99; Venona Washington KGB, 59. Willkie, Wendell: Republican presidential candidate in 1940 and later a partner in the lawfirm of Willkie, Owen, Otis, Farr and Gallagher. Venona New York KGB 1944, 41 (misspelled as Wilkie), 651–52. Willkie-Morgan group: Reference to the opposition to the New Deal led by business leader Wendell Willkie and financier J. P. Morgan, Jr. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 173; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 20. Wills, Katherine: First wife of Victor Perlo. As Wills: Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 73, 84. As “Raid’s” wife: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 8; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 73, 75. “Willy” [Villi] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Likely David A. Salmon. “Willy” was described as Soviet intelligence source/agent at Department of State, 1934–1935, recruited by “Leo”/Lore. Described as providing “copes of reports addressed to the State Department from ambassadors, consuls, and U.S. military attachés in Europe and East Asia” that were judged “very valuable”. Described as “chief of the DOS’s communications and archives division”, and having a DOS salary of $5,600. David Salmon was chief of State Department’s “Division of Communications and Records” in 1934 and 1935 and his salary at the time was $5,600. 196 Salmon’s division ———————————
196. Salmon, David Alden entries in the 1934 and 1935 editions of U.S. Department of State, Register of the Department of State, July 1, 1934 (Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1934). The Intelligence Service of Russia (SVR) in a officially-sponsored history dismissed “Willy” and all of “Leo’s” agents as faked. (The history did not provide real names for either.) The history claimed that when Soviet officers pressed “Leo” for a direct meeting with “Willy”, he tried to delay it and when it finally occurred the person presented as “Willy” was an obvious fake. The KGB then cut its ties with Lore. Primakov, Ocherki Istorii Rossiiskoi Vneshnei Razvedki v Shesti Tomakh T.3: 1933–1944 [Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence Vol. 3, 1933–1941] A reading of Vassiliev’s notebooks does not support this version. Instead, it supports that “Willy”/Salmond was a real source for “Leo”/Lore and that Lore then faked an additional State Department source with the cover names “Daniel” and “12” and attributed part of Salmond’s material to “Daniel”. Both the real “Willy”/Salmond and the fake “Daniel”/“12” were highly paid sources, so Lore was able to pocket the money the KGB provided for “Daniel.” Lore was also highly paid for his role as an intermediary between the sources and the KGB. Not only would Lore seek to avoid having Soviet officers meet with the nonexistent “Daniel” and resort to providing a fake, given’s Lore’s mercenary motives, he wanted to avoid allowing Soviet officers any contact with the real Salmond. A direct KGB link with Salmond would mean the Soviets would no longer need Lore as a highly paid intermediary, so he would also resort to presenting a fake “Willy” when forced to set up a meeting. Further, Lore was a journalist writing a regular column entitled “Behind the Cables” that presented foreign news and analysis that was supposed to be the ‘real’ story behind the limited information the State Department released
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included DOS’s codes and cipher office and both distributed and archived State Department sensitive diplomatic communications. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 34–39; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 11. Wilson, ?: Unidentified. Likely a senior diplomat, probably American (Hugh Wilson would be a candidate) but possibly British. Venona New York KGB 1944, 3. Wilson, Carroll L.: General manager of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission until 1950. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 68, 80 Wilson, Charles E.: President of General Electric and during WWII a senior official of the War Production Board. Venona New York KGB 1944, 357; Venona San Francisco KGB, 255;
Wilson, Henry: Senior British general in the Middle East and Mediterranean during the Second World War. Venona New York KGB 1944, 367–68. Wilson, Hugh R.: Senior American diplomat. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 11; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 51. Wilson, John A.: Senior OSS analyst. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 29. Wilson, Ruth B.: Soviet intelligence agent. Wife of Jacob Epstein. Veteran (nurse) of the Spanish Civil War. Cover name in Venona: NONA [NON]. As Wilson: Venona New York KGB 1945, 109; Venona Special Studies, 52. As NONA [NON]: Venona New York KGB 1945, 109;
Wilson, Woodrow: President of the United States, 1913–1921. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 147; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 25, 54, 56. ———————————
about diplomatic communications. Salmond ran the State Department’s communications office and had access to all DOS cables. It may the the case that Salmond, whose subsidy from Lore was more than his State Department salary, thought he was only selling information to an American journalist, not to a Soviet spy, and Lore feared that any meeting between a Soviet officer and Salmond would result in Salmond severing the relationship and, worse, going to State Department security. There is no indication that Salmond had any ideological sympathy for communism and the Soviet Union. The Vassiliev notebooks indicate that by 1938 the KGB realized that Lore was faking at least one source and pocketing the sources’ subsidy but that also Lore had become politically associated with American Trotskyists, then a deadly sin in Soviet eyes and in the context of the then ongoing purge of Soviet security services, deadly for anyone associated with him. Boris Bazarov, the chief of the illegal KGB station who had dealt with Lore, was recalled to Moscow and executed. The remaining KGB officers in the U.S. cut all ties with Lore, dismissing everything as faked. Additionally, even if the KGB officers in the U.S. had wanted to salvage the real “Will”/Salmond from the wreckage of Lore’s apparatus, they would also have feared that Salmond thought he was only selling information to an American journalist and would recoil at a direct Soviet approach. The safest course was to define all of Lore’s sources as faked and forget about it.
Interestingly, after the KGB cast Lore out, GRU, which clearly didn’t judge Lore to be a total faker, considered picking up some of the pieces. Whittaker Chambers GRU superior told him that Lore had been connected to a Soviet intelligence apparatus but “something stupid” had happened. He instructed Chambers to talk to Lore and see if he would hand over any of his former contacts. (Chambers was unclear about the date, but it appeared to have been in 1937.) Chambers met with Lore; the two got along well and reminisced about Russians with whom they had worked. But despite months of friendly conversations and promises, Lore never gave Chambers any contacts possibly because the GRU didn’t want to use Lore as a paid intermediary but wanted direct contact with his source or sources. Chambers, Witness, 389–92, 412–13.
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Winant, John: U.S. ambassador, London, 1941–1946. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 62, 64, 104; Venona New York KGB 1944, 15–16, 51, 306. Winchester Repeating Arms Company: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 30. Winogradow, Boris: See Boris Vinogradov. Winter, Jan: Described as on the staff of the Rockerfeller’s Committee (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs). Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Valet” in 1944. As Winter and “Valet”: Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 73. Wirt, William A., and “Wirt Affair”: Nationally known k-12 school administrator. In 1934 Dr. Wirt attended a Washington cocktail party at the home of Alice Barrows, an official of the U.S. Office of Education deeply involved in CPUSA activities. Wirt claimed that at the party a member of President Roosevelt’s “brain trust” (as the press named them) of influential advisors had told him that FDR was a manipulated front man for a Communist plan to take power and would be replaced with an American “Stalin”. A U.S. House committee chaired by Rep. Alfred Bulwinkle (D. NC) heard Wirt’s testimony. His charges faded when those he identified turned out to be obscure bureaucrats and left-wing journalists rather than prominent FDR advisors. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 1. Witt, Art: Described as a Communist at the Works Progress Administration in 1934. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 48. Witt, Nathan: Secret Communist and staff director of the National Labor Relations Board from 1937 to 1941. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 60, 90. Witte, Aleksandr: Brother of Helen Silvermaster, resident of Soviet Union. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 54; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 13. Witte, Count ?: Helen Silvermaster’s grandfather. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 43. Witte, Elena Petrovna: Birth name of Helen Silvermaster. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 20. Witte, Petr: Father of Helen Silvermaster, resident of Soviet Union. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 54; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 7, 13, 20. Witte, Vladimir: Brother of Helen Silvermaster, resident of Soviet Union. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 13. Wittenberg, Davrun (or Darren): Spelling unconfirmed, possibly Vittenberg. Described as an associate of Harold Urey and friend of Emil Conason. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Sarin”. As Wittenberg: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 105–7, 109; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 1, 9. As “Sarin”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 109, 111; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 10; Vassiliev Yellow
Wittfogel, Karl A: German-American playwright, historian, and sinologist. An active German Communist, he was imprisoned when the Nazis came to power. Freed in 1934, he emigrated to the United States. The Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 caused him to reconsider his views, and after WWII he became a strong anti-Communist. Venona New York KGB 1943, 86, 244–45. Wohl, Paul: Described as a colleague of Walter Krivitsky with whom he had a falling-out in 1940 over a loan. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 164. Wohlforth, Robert Martin: Chief of the Economic Warfare Section, Department of Justice, New York City. Venona New York KGB 1945, 124. WOLDEMAR [VOLDEMAR] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet embassy staff who assisted with cipher work. Venona USA GRU, 42. Wolf, Felix: GRU officer in New York in 1925. Felix Wolf was one of the pseudonyms of Werner Rakov (sometimes spelled Rakow, also known as Vladimir Bogdanovich, Vladimir Inkov, Vladimir Borisovich Kotlov and Nikolay Krebs). An ethnic German born in Latvia, he was a founding member of Communist Party of Germany (KPD), a Comintern functionary (1920–1922, GRU officer in Austria (1922–23) and Germany (1923–24), and the first GRU station chief in the United States (1925–27) working under the cover of Amtorg and studies at Columbia University. Expelled from the KPD in 1928 for Trotskyism, readmitted in 1929, again expelled in 1933, and
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again readmitted in 1934. Executed in the purge of the Soviet security services in 1937. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 87. “Wolf” [Volk] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Nikolay Novikov. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 59. Wolff, Robert Lee: Chief of the Balkan Section of OSS Research and Analysis division. Vassiliev White
Wolfson, Abraham: Dentist in New Jersey and active Communist. Married to Ruth Terry, sister of Anne Terry, Harry Dexter White’s wife. Wolfson and Ruth Terry divorced in 1934. White remained in touch with Wolfson. Possibly the Volman or Volper described in Vassiliev’s notebooks as a doctor and relative of Harry Dexter White. Wolfson, Joseph: Owner of Meriden Dental Laboratory that provided KGB agent Joseph Katz with business cover. Venona New York KGB 1944, 58–59. Woll, Matthew: American Federation of Labor official and strong anti-Communist. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 22; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 18, 32. Wollner, Herbert J.: Consulting chemist with the U.S. Treasury. Venona USA GRU, 72–73. Wolston, Arnold: Business partner and brother-in-law of Jack Soble. Father of Ilya Wolston. Venona
Wolston, Ilya Elliott: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Jack Soble’s nephew (son of one of Jack’s sisters). A U.S. Army intelligence officer in WWII assigned to Russian-related tasks. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Slava”. Cover name in Venona: SLAVA. As Wolston: Venona New York KGB 1943, 44, 110; Venona New York KGB 1945, 147. As “Czech’s”/Soble’s nephew “Ilya”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 52; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 21. As “Slava”: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 92, 94–100, 102–3. As SLAVA: Venona New
68.
Women’s League for Peace and Freedom: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 94. Wood, Robert A.: American ship crewman of Belarusian origin. Venona New York KGB 1944, 4–5. Wood, Robert E.: WWI U.S. Army general, later chairman of Sears, Roebuck company. Vassiliev
Wood, Roberts: Venona analysts thought this a reference to Robert Williams Wood, a senior American physicist. Venona New York KGB 1945, 139–40. “Wood” [Vud] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified target of recruitment as a liaison and recruitment agent, 1942. Some relationship to oil industry matters. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 109.
WOOD [VUD] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1944, reported on contacts with oil industry people. Venona New York KGB 1944, 9–10. Wooden, W. H.: President of American Car & Foundry Co., active in the American-Russian Chamber of Commerce. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 73. Woolworth: Described as a Justice Department official in the military section of the Justice Department. Venona analysts thought this a reference to Robert Martin Wohlforth. Venona New York KGB 1945, 122–24. Workers (Communist) Party of America: Title of the CPUSA in late 1920s. As Workers Party: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 140. Workers Party of America: Title of the CPUSA in the early 1920s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 46, 83. Workers Party: Reference in 1927 to the Workers (Communist) Party of America. Vassiliev Yellow
Workers Party: Reference in 1944 to the American Labor Party in New York. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 120. Works Progress Administration (WPA): New Deal agency. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 47–48; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 109. “Workshop” [Tsekh] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), circa 1944. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 116.
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World Bank: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 69, 73; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 128; Venona New York KGB 1944, 229. World Peace Committee: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 50. World Tourists (W.T.): Travel agency run by Jacob Golos and secretly controlled by the CPUSA. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “T”. As World Tourists and W.T.: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 41, 162–63; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 130, 139–43, 145–46, 153–54, 156; Vassiliev White
Worms et Cie Bank: Venona New York KGB 1943, 164, 166. Wovschin, Flora Don: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Secretary in the Justice Department and later in the Office of War Information. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Zora”. Cover name in Venona: ZORA. As Wovschin: Venona New York KGB 1943, 335; Venona New York KGB
120, 124; Venona Special Studies, 29. As “Zora”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 53, 67; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 77–78, 93–94. As ZORA: Venona New York KGB 1943, 334–35; Venona New York KGB 1944, 5, 310, 335–36, 492, 531–32, 539–40, 642, 669, 699–700, 703, 771; Venona New York KGB 1945, 35–36, 42, 94, 97–99, 119–20, 122–24; Venona Special Studies, 29.
Wovschin, Mrs. William A: See Maria Wicher. Venona New York KGB 1944, 404. WP: Workers Party, likely a reference (1943) to the Workers Party of Max Shachtman (a splinter of the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party) or possibly to the Socialist Workers Party itself. Vassiliev
WPB: War Production Board. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 44, 55; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 116; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 63, 66, 72–73, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84–85; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 40, 49, 66–67, 77, 79. “Wrench” [Rench] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Benny Bederson. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook
Wright Aeronautical company: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 113; Venona USA GRU, 89. Wright Field: U.S. Army Air Force and later U.S. Air Force facility in Ohio where advanced aviation equipment was developed and tested. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 31, 100; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 106; Venona New York KGB 1944, 72, 380, 499, 645. “Writer” [Literator] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Cover name for a Soviet intelligence agent to be left behind German lines in September 1941. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 62. Wrzesinski, Bolaslav John: See Boris Korvin. Venona San Francisco KGB, 85. W.T.: World Tourists. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 130, 146; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 10, 15, 30. Wuchinich, George Samuel: American officer in the OSS of Yugoslav origin. Target of KGB recruitment. Provided information to GRU source Leonard Mins/BRÊME [BREM]. Also known as George Samuel Vuchinich. Wuchinich invoked the Fifth Amendment to avoid answering questions from a Congressional committee regarding his Communist background and espionage connections. 197 Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Lid”. As Wuchinich: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 10. As “Lid”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 11. As Vuchinich: Venona USA GRU, 98–99. Wulfson, ?: Soviet trade official in Paris in 1937. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 28. Wuorinen, John Henry: Senior analyst and later head of Scandinavian Baltic Research and Analysis section of OSS. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 27, 29. ———————————
197. Testimony of George S. Wuchinich, 4 June 1953, U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Interlocking Subversion, part 11.
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Wynn, Arthur: Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1944. Described as radio expert and Communist in U.K. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Scott”. As Wynn and “Scott”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 107. “X”: As “Mr. X”, pseudonym used by George Kennan in his essay “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 25. “X” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): “Mlad”/Hall reference to the Manhattan Project’s facilities at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 21. X (cover name in Venona): Joseph Katz. Venona New York KGB 1944, 463, 503, 520, 549–50, 580, 590, 608–09; Venona Special Studies, 30, 175. “X” [Iks] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Joseph Katz. (The cover name in transliterated Russian is “Iks”, not the Cyrillic letter “X”.) Vassiliev Black Notebook, 51, 68, 78; Vassiliev
30–34; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 46–47, 74–78, 80, 91, 99, 105–08; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 45, 64, 66–67, 73–75, 88. “X” [Kh] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Designation given the GRU agent “Kogan” in a 1941 KGB report. In the original text indicted by the Russian Cryillic letter “X”. The Russian Cyrillic “X” transliterates as “Kh”, but in this case is functioning in the same way as the Latin “X”, indicating an unnamed person, and in Vassiliev’s notebooks is left as “X”. Vassiliev Black
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