Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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names Jaroff or Jarow. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 46–47. ZHAROV (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence contact. Possibly Nikolaj Efremovich Ezhov. Venona New York KGB 1944, 677–78; Venona Special Studies, 27. ZHAROV (cover name in Venona): Nikolaj Efremovich Ezhov. Venona San Francisco KGB, 287–92;
Zharov, Sergej (Serge Jaroff): Director of the Don Cossack Chorus. Venona New York KGB 1944, 54–55,; Venona Special Studies, 165. “Zhaspar” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Jaspar”. Zhdanov, Andrey A.: Senior Soviet ideologist, part of Stalin’s inner circle after WWII. Vassiliev Yellow
ZHELEZNODOROZHNIK [RAILWAY WORKER] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Venona analysts were unsure if this was a true cover name or a description of a person used to identify him. Venona New York KGB 1944, 365–66; Venona Special Studies, 27. Zheleznyj, ?: Soviet ship internal security source. Cover name in Venona: CHERNIGOVSKIJ. As Zheleznyj and CHERNIGOVSKIJ: Venona San Francisco KGB, 125; Venona Special Studies, 119. “Zhemchug” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Pearl”. Zhemchuzhina, Polina: Soviet official and wife of Stalin aide Vyacheslav Molotov. Birth name Pearl Karpovskaya. Her brother immigrated to the U.S. and adopted the name Sam Carp. She maried Molotov and occupied senior posts in the People’s Commissariat of Food Industry of the USSR; from July 1936, she was the Head of the Chief Administration of the Perfume, Cosmetics, Synthetics, and Soap-making Industry. When she visited the U.S. in 1936 as the head of the Soviet perfume conglomerate she used the name Olga Karpovskaya. In November 1937, she became a Deputy People’s Commissar. Arrested and sent to the Gulag in 1948 during Stalin’s anti-Jewish purge. Released after Stalin’s death. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 31.
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“Zhenya” (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): Sonia Steinman Gold. Black Notebook, 78; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 6, 68–69; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 31, 33; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 27, 30–31, 34, 37, 42, 53. ZHENYA (cover name in Venona): Sonia Steinman Gold. Venona New York KGB 1944, 260–6;
Zherebtsov, ?: Head of 10th (Cipher)Department of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Venona USA Diplomatic, 41, 43, 50, 52–54, 78–79. Zhilo, ?: Soviet ship crewman. Venona San Francisco KGB, 308. ZHIZEL' [GISELLE] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent. Venona
ZHOLUD' [ACORN] (cover name in Venona): Bela (William) Gold. Venona New York KGB 1945 8, 10, 16; Venona Special Studies, 27. “Zholud'” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Acorn”. “Zhora” (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): William Weisband in 1945–1950. Vassiliev Black
ZHORES [JAURES] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified, connected to KGB South American activities. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 3, 5; Venona Special Studies, 27. “Zhorzh” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “George”. ZHORZH [GEORGE or GEORGES] (cover name in Venona): Paul Nahin from October 1944 to 20 February 1945. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Nahin. (Venona analysts were unsure of the translation of the the code group, at one point thinking it might be translated as LEADER [LIDER] and striking through the GEORGES trnaslation. However, the cover name appears in Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks as GEORGE.)
ZHUCHKA [WATCH-DOG] (cover name in Venona): Nadia Morris Osipovich. Venona San Francisco KGB, 75, 77; Venona Special Studies, 101. “Zhuk” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Beetle”. Zhukhovitsky, ?: An official with the Soviet Export Administration. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 128. ZHUKOV (cover name in Venona): ? Burtsenko. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 61; Venona Special Studies, 27. Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich: Chief Soviet military commander in WWII. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 125. “Zhulik” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Crook”. “Zhur” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Jour”. Zhurbenko, ?: Soviet intelligence officer, Moscow, 1937. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 8. Zhurenko: Venona analysts thought this a reference to Lieutenant Stanislaus Jeranko of U.S. Naval Intelligence. Venona San Francisco KGB, 151–52. “Zhurnalist” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Journalist”. ...ZIB (cover name in Venona): Partial decryption of the cover name of an unidentified Soviet ship internal security source. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 61. Ziev, Paul J.: Director of Amtorg, 1924. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 81–83. Ziffer, Bernard: Polish Information Center official. Venona New York KGB 1944, 363. Zilbermeister: Nathan Gregory Silvermaster’s spelling of his family name when it first arrived in America. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 7. Zimny, John Anthony: Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 15. ZINA (cover name in Venona): Anna Fedorovna Kamaeva. Venona San Francisco KGB, 154; Venona
“Zinger” (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): David Greenglass, 1950. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 39, 46–54. Zinov'eva, ?: Soviet personnel. Venona USA Naval GRU, 201.
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Zinoviev, Grigory: Senior Bolshevik leader at the time of the Bolshevik coup and a leading figure in the Soviet government in the 1920s. Executed in 1936. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 147; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 2, 46, 64–65, 70. ...ZINSKIJ (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Partial decryption of a cover name. Venona Special Studies, 91. Ziombeck, Francis Joseph: Bell aircraft engineer. Venona New York KGB 1943, 192–93. Zionism and Zionists: cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Rats”. Venona analysts designated RATS [KRYSY] as “possibly Jews”, and in contest that included Zionists. As Zionists: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 153, 167; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 16, 29, 115; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 25; Venona New York KGB 1943, 225; Venona New York KGB 1944, 82; Venona New York KGB 1945, 91, 100, 187. As “Rats”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 68; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 29, 115. As RATS [KRYSY]: Venona New York KGB 1943, 4; Venona New York KGB 1944, 82; Venona New York KGB 1945, 174. Zisman, Y.L.: Correspondent of Iosif ? in 1935. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 5. Zlatovsky, Jane: Variant spelling of the surname of Jane Foster Zlatowski. Venona New York KGB
Zlatowski, George: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Veteran of the International Brigades and secret Communist, he became a U.S. Army intelligence officer in WWII and served in the occupation of Austria. Husband of Jane Foster. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Rector”. As Zlatowski: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 75; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 104. As “Rector”:
Zlatowski, Jane Foster: Soviet intelligence source/agent and secret Communist. Jane Foster was married to George Zlatowski. She worked for the Board of Economic Warfare in 1942 and then the Office of Strategic Services from 1943 to 1945. She appeared in Venona as Foster and with her married name spelled Zlatovsky. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Slang”. Cover name in Venona: SLANG [SLENG]. As Zlatowski: Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 75; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 104. As “Slang”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 3, 14, 38; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 80; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 78; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 71–72, 92, 94–95, 100–101, 103. As Zlatovsky: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 174; Venona Special Studies, 68. As Jane Foster: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 52–52; Venona New York KGB 1943, 209. As SLANG [SLENG]: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 53; Venona New York KGB 1943, 152, 209; Venona New York KGB 1944, 173–74; Venona Special Studies, 68. As ... NG, a partial decryption of SLANG [SLENG]: Venona New York KGB 1943, 152; Venona Special Studies, 68, 87. Zlotovsky, ?: (Spelling unconfirmed. Alternative translation: Zlotowski) Described as a Polish scientist in the Manhattan atomic project with which the Soviets had only official contact.
ZNAMENSKIJ (cover name in Venona): Vasilij Mikhailovich Alekseev. Venona San Francisco KGB, 139; Venona Special Studies, 101. Zolotnitsky, ?: Described as a friend of Victor Hammer. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 116. Zoltowski, Janusz: Polish government-in-exile figure. Venona New York KGB 1944, 167, 363. “Zone” [Zon] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Mary Price starting in September 1944. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 55. ZONE [ZONA] (cover name in Venona): Mary Price. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Price. Venona New York KGB 1944, 462–63, 500; Venona Special
“Zoniya” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Austria, 1950. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 72. “Zora” (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): Flora Don Wovschin. Unidentified in Vassiliev’s notebooks but identified in Venona as Wovschin. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 53, 67; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 77–78, 93–94.
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ZORA (cover name in Venona): Flora Don Wovschin. Venona New York KGB 1943, 334–35; Venona New York KGB 1944, 5, 310, 335–36, 492, 531–32, 539–40, 642, 669, 699–700, 703, 771; Venona New York KGB 1945, 35–36, 42, 94, 97–99, 119–20, 122–24; Venona Special Studies, 29.
ZORIN (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent. Venona New York KGB 1945, 200; Venona Special Studies, 29. Zorin, Velerian A.: Senior Soviet official, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1947–55 and chairman of the Committee of Information (KI) in 1950. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 143; Vassiliev Odd
ZORKIJ [SHARP-SIGHTED] (cover name in Venona): Valentin Luk'yanovich Solov'ev. Venona San Francisco KGB, 114; Venona Special Studies, 101. ZOUAVE [ZUAV] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Likely French. Associated with Pierre Cott. Venona New York KGB 1944, 215, 217; Venona Special Studies, 30. ZOYA (cover name in Venona): Aleksandra Grigor'evna Apresyana. Venona New York KGB 1945, 61–62, 79; Venona Special Studies, 29. ZUAV [ZOUAVE] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Likely French. Associated with Pierre Cott. Venona New York KGB 1944, 15; Venona Special Studies, 30. Zubilin, Vasily: Diplomatic pseudonym used by Vasily Zarubin in the United States. See Vasily Zarubin entry. As Zubilin: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 179; Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 19, 23, 29, 34, 37, 44–45, 47, 50–51, 53, 59, 65–67, 71, 73, 75–76; Venona New York KGB 1943, 7, 9, 11, 13–15, 18, 23, 25–26, 28–29, 35, 45, 47, 49, 54–55, 58, 64, 81, 83, 90, 92, 97–98, 104, 144, 149, 151, 166, 170, 172, 175, 183–84, 194, 196, 198–99, 214, 216, 238, 243, 245, 257–58, 265–66, 296–97, 301, 322, 339, 343, 359, 363, 365; Venona New York KGB 1944, 6, 14, 33, 35, 63, 78, 92, 110, 220, 225, 230, 237, 247, 275, 298, 309, 340, 355, 366, 379, 393, 418, 503, 713, 778; Venona New York KGB 1945, 6, 31, 41; Venona Special Studies, 15, 45, 106. Zubilin (Zubilina), Elizabeth: Diplomatic pseudonym used by Elizabeth Zarubin in the United States. See Elizabeth Zarubin entry. As Zubilin or Zubilina: Venona New York KGB 1943, 47, 83, 101, 198; Venona New York KGB 1944, 110, 474. Zubovich, ?: Unidentified Soviet official in Moscow. Venona USA Trade, 19. Zubrev, Ivan Petrovich: Engineer with the SGPC. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 11–12. ZUEV (cover name in Venona): Roman Sergeevich Porubov. Venona San Francisco KGB, 217–18;
...ZUL' (cover name in Venona): Partial decryption. Venona analysts commented “....ZUL’: Alternatively ….ZULE. Possibly the last part of an unidentified cover-name, or even the whole of a cover-name.” Venona New York KGB 1944, 396–97. “Zveno” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Link”. ZVENO [LINK] (cover name in Venona): Likely William Weisband. See “Link” [Zveno]/Weisband entry. Venona New York KGB 1943, 176–77; Venona New York KGB 1944, 458; Venona New
“Zvesdochet” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Astrologer”. “Zvezda” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, references to in 1937. Zvezda means Star in Russian. However, there are two other cover names that use “Star”, spelled phonetically in Cyrillic Russian, in the notebooks. To reduce confusion “Zvezda” is simply transliterated from Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet rather than translated to Star. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 28; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 155. “Zvuk” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Sound”. ZVUK [SOUND] (cover name in Venona): Jacob Golos. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 6, 74–75;
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Zworykin, Vladimir Kozmich: Electronic engineer and pioneer of early television. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 109. Zyavkin, ?: Name in the Whalen documents, 1930. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 75. Zyryanov, Gennadij Aleksandrovich: SGPC staffer with unclear association to the GRU. Venona USA
. Numeric and Numbered Undeciphered Cover Names. “10” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Ludwig Lore. Lore is not directly named in Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks, but all of the particulars of “10” (also know as “Leo”) fit Lore, particularly his journalistic work and the trajectory of his journalistic commentary on Soviet matters in the 1930. Whittaker Chambers described his own contacts with Lore and comments of Soviet intelligence officers about Lore that fit with the description of “Leo” in Alexander Vassiliev’s notebooks. Further, Julius Kobyakov, retired senior KGB officer, identified “Leo”/“10” as Lore in 2004. 204
Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 7–9, 13, 19; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 104. “101
st ” [101-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Peter MacLean. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “103 rd
“104 th ” [104-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Henry Wadleigh. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “105 th ” [105-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Henry Collins. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “107 th ” [107-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Felix Inslerman. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “11” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Likely David A. Salmon. Also had the cover name “Willy”. See the “Willy”/Salmon entry. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 7–13. “113 th
“114 th ” [114-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): William Ward Pigman. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “115
th ” [115-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Lester Hutm. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “116 th
“118 th ” [118-y] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): F. V. Reno. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 77. “12” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified State Department subsource of KGB source “Leo”/Lore. Judged by KGB to be a fake source invented by Lore to gain more financial benefits from KGB by pocketing the subsidy paid to “12.” Also had the cover name “Daniel”.
12, Source No.: Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, GRU. Venona USA GRU, 24, 44, 66, 116. “13” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1930s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 7, 10. 13, Source No.: Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, GRU. Venona USA GRU, 119–20, 122. “14” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1930s.
16, Source No.: Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, GRU. Venona USA GRU, 113–14. “17” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Noel Field, mid-1930s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 4–5. “18” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Soviet source/agent, 1930s. Also known as “John”. “18”/“John’s” activities suggest John Spivak as a likely candidate. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 91.
“19” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Laurence Duggan starting in 1935 and appearing as Duggan as late as August 1944. Black Notebook, 17, 43, 46, 48, 78, 88, 161, 170, 172–75; Vassiliev ———————————
204. Chambers, Witness, 387–92; Julius Kobyakov, “ALES/Hiss,” H-Diplo, 22 March 2004, < http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/ >.
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White Notebook #1, 12–13, 30–33, 45, 47, 55; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 116, 118–19, 121; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 2–3, 5–30, 33–38; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 96, 98–99. 19 (cover name in Venona): Laurence Duggan. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Duggan. Venona New York KGB 1943, 65–66. 22, Source No.: Captain ? Hogman. Venona USA GRU, 113–14. “24” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1937.
Undeciphered Name No. 1: Unidentified Soviet official. Venona USA Naval GRU, 130. Undeciphered Name No. 5: Ivan Alekseevich Egorichev. Venona USA Naval GRU, 34, 68, 112–13, 116, 154–55, 176, 248, 252, 263, 265, 270–71, 296. Undeciphered Name No. 9: Unidentified official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 9, 12, 267, 293. Undeciphered Name No. 12: Unidentified official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 291. Undeciphered Name No. 13: Unidentified in Moscow, likely a cipher officer. Venona USA Naval GRU, 60.
Undeciphered Name No. 16: ? Minin. Venona USA Naval GRU, 14, 35, 40, 42–43, 57, 71, 74, 89, 97, 107, 119, 132, 150, 159, 171, 191, 207, 259, 273, 275, 278, 294, 296, 354. Undeciphered Name No. 18: Unidentified official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 16, 18, 19, 23, 79, 80, 90, 103, 124, 127, 135, 138, 151, 165–68, 175, 189, 230, 232–33, 249, 258, 267, 281, 284, 286. Undeciphered Name No. 20: Unidentified chief of Naval GRU OVS prior to N.P. Egipko taking that post in February 1943. Venona USA Naval GRU, 22, 32–34, 42. Undeciphered Name No. 20: N.P. Egipko from 12 February 1943. Venona USA Naval GRU, 42–43, 86, 91, 107–08, 112–13, 122, 130, 133, 139–41, 154–55, 223, 245, 248, 252, 274, 296, 301. Undeciphered Name No. 24: G. A. Stepanov. Venona USA Naval GRU, 39, 24, 137, 176. Undeciphered Name No. 38: Unidentified official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 42–43. Undeciphered Name No. 42: Mikhail A. Vorontsov: Venona USA Naval GRU, 2, 3, 8, 10–11, 13, 15–16, 21, 26–27, 31–33, 37, 41, 45, 52, 54–56, 59, 62, 69, 75–76, 78, 87–88, 90–93, 95–97, 102, 104, 109–11, 114–15, 121, 123, 128–32, 136, 142, 144–45, 147, 149, 152–54, 156–59, 162–64, 169–70, 182–88, 190, 193–96, 198, 200, 204, 209–14, 216, 218–19, 221–22, 224–26, 228–29, 231, 234, 250–51, 253–56, 260–62, 268–69, 276–77, 280, 282–83, 285, 289, 290–92, 299–200, 302–03, 306, 3331, 335, 342, 346, 356, 362, 365, 370, 384. Undeciphered Name No. 45: Unidentified official in Moscow. Venona USA Naval GRU, 14, 15–17, 19, 24–28, 30, 32–33, 38, 51, 53, 55–58, 63, 65, 70, 72, 77, 81–82, 94, 100–01, 117–18, 125, 130. Undeciphered Name No. 54: V. L. Bogdenko. Venona USA Naval GRU, 201, 205–07, 227, 297, 354. Undeciphered Name No. 58: Unidentified Soviet official in the United States. Venona USA Naval GRU, 285, 300. Undeciphered Name No. 83: M.L. Akulin. Venona USA Naval GRU, 17, 25, 30, 38–39, 63, 70, 130, 176, 263, 270, 272. Undeciphered Name No. 85: Nikolaj Alekseevich Piterskij. Venona USA Naval GRU, 95, 101, 117–18, 125, 262, 272. Undeciphered Name No. 91: Ivan Alekseevich Egorichev. Venona USA Naval GRU, 2, 7–8, 10–11, 13, 15–16, 21, 24, 26–27, 31–33, 37, 41, 44–45, 52, 54–56, 59, 62, 69, 78, 87–88, 90–93, 95–97, 102, 104, 109–11, 114–15, 121, 123, 129, 131–32, 136–37, 142, 144, 147–49, 152–57, 159, 162–64, 169–70, 182–83, 185–88, 190, 193–95, 197–98, 200, 204, 209–11, 213–14, 218–19, 221–22; 224–26, 228–29, 231, 234, 250–51, 253–56, 260–62, 268–69, 276–77, 280, 282–83, 289–92, 299–300, 303, 306, 331, 335,, 344, 346, 356, 362, 365, 370, 384. Undeciphered Name No. 94: Unidentified Soviet official in the United States. Venona USA Naval GRU, 35.
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