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c ©1987 JO JO QUAYSON All R ig h ts R e s e r v e d C
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©1987 JO JO QUAYSON All R ig h ts R e s e r v e d C Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREVIEW Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1“4 SECTION I 6 Theoretical Discussion of Tourism Economics 6 - 1 6 Tourism Profile of New York City 1 7 - 3 0 SECTION II 31 The Tourism Growth Model 3 3 - 3 9 Tourism Growth Results 4 0 - 5 1 SECTION III 52 The Input-Output Model 5 2 - 5 3 The Tourism Income Multiplier Model 5 3 - 5 8 The Tourism Employment Mulitiplier Model 58 Empirical Results 6 3 - 7 3 SECTION IV 78 The Tourism Demand Function for New York City 78 Why Demand Estimate 78 The Structure of the Tourism Market in NYC 79 Measurement of the Index of Substitution 83 The Identification Problem 85 The Fuzziness Methodology 86 The Model Specification 88 Empirical Results 91 SECTION V 1 10 Summary and Major Findings 1 1 0 - 1 1 4 Policy Implications 1 1 4 - 1 1 7 APPENDIX 1 1 8 - 1 4 0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 4 0 - 1 4 6 « Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREVIEW i i L i s t o f F i g u r e s * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * F i g u r e P a g e 1 M e t h o d o l o g i c a l F lo w C h a r t . 5 2 C o n c e p t u a l F r a m e w o r k o f T o u r i s m . 13 3 T o u r i s m E x p e n d i t u r e New Y o r k C i t y 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 2 . 19 4 N u m b er o f T o u r i s t s New Y o r k C i t y 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 2 . 20 5 P r o f i l e o f New Y o r k C i t y T o u r i s t s 1 9 7 8 . 24 6 R e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f New Y o r k C i t y T o u r i s t s 1 9 8 2 . 24 7 S i m u l a t e d a n d A c t u a l G r o s s R e g i o n a l P r o d u c t NYC 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 2 . 42 8 C o n t r i b u t i o n o f T o u r i s m t o G r o s s R e g i o n a l P r o d u c t o f 4 8 New Y o r k C i t y 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 2 . 9 F lo w o f T o u r i s t D o l l a r i n t h e L o c a l E c o n o n m y . 56 « Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREVIEW 9 i n L i s t o f T a b l e s T a b l e P a g e 1 S e l e c t e d C a t e g o r i e s o f T o u r i s m E x p e n d i t u r e NYC: 1 9 8 2 . 21 2 S e l e c t e d C a t e g o r i e s o f T o u r i s m R e l a t e d E m p lo y m e n t. 21 3 S e a s o n a l D i s t r i b u t i o n o f NYC a n d U .S . T o u r i s t s . 22 4 S e l e c t e d E x p e n d i t u r e P a t t e r n s o f New Y o r k C i t y T o u r i s t . 26 5 E x p e n d i t u r e a n d N u m b e r o f New Y o r k C i t y T o u r i s t s 27 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 2 . 6 S h a r e o f U . S . , NY S t a t e a n d NYC i n I n t e r n a t i o n a l 28 T o u r i s m . 7 E s t i m a t e d S t r u c t u r a l E q u a t i o n s i n NYC 1 9 6 8 - 1 9 8 2 . 39 8 S t a t i s t i c a l S i m u l a t i o n a n d A c t u a l G r o s s R e g i o n a l 43 P r o d u c t NYC 1 9 6 8 - 1 9 8 2 . 8 a D y n a m ic S i m u l a t i o n a n d A c t u a l GRP NYC. 44 9 C o n t r i b u t i o n o f T o u r i s m t o GRP i n NYC 1 9 6 9 - 1 9 8 2 . 47 10 S e c t o r M u l t i p l i e r s f o r New Y o r k C i t y 1 9 8 2 . 62 11 Income and Transaction Multiplier Coefficents NYC 1982. 65 12 I m p a c t o f T o u r i s m E x p e n d i t u r e s o n E m p lo y m e n t NYC 1 9 8 2 . 66 13 T o u r i s m E m p lo y m e n t M u l t i p l i e r C o e f f i c i e n t s NYC 1 9 8 2 . 70 14 I m p a c t o f T o u r i s m E x p e n d i t u r e s o n E m p lo y m e n t NYC 1 9 8 2 . 7 3 15 S e n s i t i v i t y T e s t o f C h a n g e s i n t h e V a l u e A d d e d a n d t h e 74 P r o p e n s i t y t o C o n s u m e o n t h e In c o m e M u l t i p l i e r . 16 S e n s i t i v i t y T e s t o f C h a n g e s i n t h e V a l u e A d d e d a n d t h e 76 P r o p e n s i t y t o C o n s u m e o n o f t h e E m p lo y m e n t M u l t i p l i e r . 17 T o u r i s m D em and E l a s t i c i t y C o e f f i c i e n t s w i t h F u z z e d 9 6 - 9 7 D a t a . 18 C o n f i d e n c e I n t e r v a l s f o r T o u r i s m D em and E l a s t i c i t i e s . 9 8 - 1 0 0 19 B e t a C o e f f i c i e n t s f o r NYC T o u r i s m D em and F u n c t i o n . 1 0 7 20 F r e q u e n c y T a b l e f o r B e t a C o e f f i c i e n t s . 108 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREVIEW |
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