Ingliz tili gap tuzilishida so'z tartibining o'zgarishi

SAVOLLAR VA GAPLAR SAVOLLARGA O'XSHASH BO'LISHI MUMKIN.

ECPE grammatik bo'lim sizni savol mavjud bo'lmagan gaplarga o'xshash bo'lgan gaplar bilan chalg'itishga harakat qilishi mumkin.
Masalan: They are bound to ask us.

1. 
   If it has been cancelled the order
   
2. 
   When the order was cancelled
   
3. 
   Why did we cancel the order
   

d. the reason to be cancelled the order
Bizda "why" (nima uchun) gaplarni to'ldirishingiz kerak, lekin "c" variantni tanlash xato, chunki bu gap savol emas (shuning uchun biz so'z tartibi qatorini fe'l ega bo'lishini xohlaymiz). To'g'ri javob "b" Inversiyani "Can you tell me...." , "Would you mind...." va boshqa shunga o'xshash oddiy frazalarda inversiya holati bor bo'lgan savollarni qo'llamaymiz.²⁸ Agar bu kabi savollar turida inversiya bor bo'lsa, gapning asosiy qismida boshqa inversiya bo'lmasligi mumkin.
Masalan: Would you beat so line as to tell me where the money is? (Not..." where is the money")
Masalan: I wonder if you could tell me when the next train to Houston is dee.²⁹
(Not… When is next train to Huston is dee. ")
Va aniq bo'lmagan savollarga savol so'rashda gaplarda qo'llamaymiz. Inversiyalarning "so", "neither" and "nor " bilan ishlatilishi.
Agar "so" "neither" va "nor" qisqa bitim yoki kelishuvlarda ishlatilinsa, ular inversiyaga uchraydi.
Masalan:"I'm not into hip hop ".
"Neither am I (or nor am I)".
"I am fond of flamengo dancing"."So am I".
Yoki ular ketma- ketlikda qo'llanilishi mumkin.(Shuningdek inversiyani o'z ichiga olgan holda).
Masalan: Jennifer buys only organic fruit and vegetables, and so does hugh. They don't mind the higher prices, and neither do we. ( or:.."nor do we") Inversiyalarning bo'lishsiz ravishdoshlardan keyin qo'llanilishi. Ba'zi so'zlarda va frazalarda inversiyaga kerak bo'ladigan ravishdek funksiyalar bor. Mana bu 2 ta gapda xuddi shuni ko'rish mumkin:
Masalan: Bob rarely speaks to himself.
Rarely does Bob speaks to himself.
Bu yerda "Rarely" ravishdir. Agar u egadan keyin kelsa bu yerda inversiya bo'lmaydi .(l-gapdagidek) lekin agar u egadan oldin kelsa, biz inversiyaga muhtoj bo'lamiz. So'z tartibi almashtriladi va biz yordamchi fe'l "does" ni qo'llaymiz. Bob haqidagi gap holatidek, shuningdek savollarga ham.³⁰
Inversiya gaplar bilan ko'p rasmiy, muvofiq yoki badiiy gaplarda keladi, shuningdek bu gaplar oddiy suhbatga o'xshaydi. Mashqlarda bir qancha misollar ayni tarzda qo'llaniladigan boshqa frazalar bilan keltirilgan.
Masalan: Seldom does Bob get invited to parties, (seldom = rarely)
Never have we seen such a breathtaking view.
At no time did the prisoner look as if he might confess.
Not only is she a great dancer but she is also an amazing mathematician.
Bu istisnosiz qoidalarni ifodalashda qo'llaniladi. Muqobil ravishda inversiyasiz ham ishlatiladi.
Masalan: Prisoners will not be allowed to give interviews to the media under any circumstances.
Bu haqiqatdan ham qizning buvisi bo'ri bo'lganligini anglab yetmaganligini anglatadi. N.B.ning eslatishicha, agar ravish egadan oldin kelsa , inversiya bo'lishi mumkin emas. Shu yuqoridagi ketma-ket gaplar bilan taqqoslaymiz.
Masalan: She is not only a great dancer but she is also an amazing mathematician.
It was not untill Effi e left Brooklyn that she realized how attached she had become to the place.
Shuni eslatib o'tishimiz kerakki, Past Perfect tense sodir bo'lgan voqeani dastlab tasvirlashda ishlatiladi. Ketma-ket gaplar bilan "only " ni inversiyalar o'z ichiga oladi va har doim birinchi fe'l bo'lib o'zgartrilmaydi.
Masalan: Only after he arrived at the airport did he look for his passport.
Only if you look through this dark glass will you be able to see the spots on the sun.
We accepted the invitation. Only later did we suspect it might be a trap.
Only by threatening extreme physical violence was the teacher able to control the class.
"Only" quyidagi holatlarda ishlatilganda inversiyaga uchramaydi.
e.g. Only Fiona knew the answer to the question.³¹
Inversiyaning bog'lovchilar bilan ishlatilishi.
Bog'lovchi gaplarni biz ba'zan "if tushirib qoldirib, inversiya bilan qo'llaymiz.
Masalan: Should you see Nigee, give him my regars.
Were I in your place, I would make a formal complaint.

Had I known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift.
Eslatma: "Should ", "were va "had" fe'llari faqatgina fe'l bo'la olib o'zgaradi. (va "where". Shuningdek, he, she, it bilan keladi
Inversiyalar "as" bilan ishlatiladi.
Masalan: Elisabeth was very clever, as was Gerald.
She decided to leave early, as did Gerald
Bu gaplarda "as" ikkita narsa o'rtasidagi bir xillikni bildiradi.
Inversiyaning "so" va "such" bilan ishlatilishi³²
Masalan: So excited were they that they could't sit still.
Such was their excitement that they began to jump up and down.
Eslatma: "So" sifat bilan ketma-ket keladi va "such" esa "so greater" bilan boshlanadi.
Masalan: So great was their excitement that
Inversiyaning sifatlardan keyin ishlatilishi.
Bir qancha badiiy gaplar boshlanishida sifat bilan va inversiyani o'z ichiga olgan so'zlar bilan keladi.
Masalan: Blessed are the children who are still unaware of the days when I could have been happy.
Hattoki, quyidagi gaplarda inversiya holati uchramaydi.
Masalan: Strange as it may seem, we were sorry to leave in the end


Xulosa
Darhaqiqat, mamlakatimizda xalqimiz ma’naviy rivoji uchun barcha shart-sharoitlar yaratilayotgan bir paytda, tilshunoslik fani ham shu maqsad uchun xizmat qilmog‘i darkor. Mustaqil rivojlanish yo‘lini tanlagan milliy tilshunosligimiz hozirgi paytda, jahon tilshunosligiga xos bo‘lgan ilg‘or g‘oyalarni o‘zlashtirgan holda tilning inson ijtimoiy faoliyatida tutgan o‘rnini aniqlash, uning kommunikativ mohiyatini hamda antropotsentrik xususiyatlarini tadqiq qilish yo‘lidan bormoqda.
Shu jumladan, zamonaviy tilshunoslikning muhim yo‘nalishlaridan bo‘lgan lingvistik qarashlar til birliklaridan nutqiy faoliyat vositasi sifatida foydalanish qonuniyatlari va tamoyillarini aniqlash hamda lisoniy hodisalarning real muloqot sharoitlarida voqealanishi bilan bog‘liq xususiyatlarini belgilash maqsadini ko‘zlaydi. Ushbu tadqiqotning dolzarbligi, bir tomondan, til tizimi va uning asosiy birligi bo‘lgan so‘zning semantik–struktur xususiyatlari tahliliga alohida e’tibor qaratiladi.
”Til- dil kaliti” kabi hikmatli so’zlarni xalqimiz bejiz aytmagan. Qanchalik ko’p til bilsak, shunchalik fikrlashimiz, dunyoqarashimiz ortib boradi. Chunki har bitta til o’rganishda bitta millatni, xalqni o’rganamiz va shuni o’rganishda, albatta, talaffuz muhim ahamiyatga ega. Agar talaffuz yaxshi bo’lsa gapni tushunish, tushuntirib berish ham yaxshi bo’ladi.
Ingliz tilida, ayniqsa, ravish hollarini qo’llashda e’tiborli bo’lish talab etiladi. Chunki ingliz tili qoidalari bo’yicha ular ega va kesim o’rtasida yoki kesim va predlog o’rtasida keladi. Agar kesim o’timsiz fe’ldan tashkil topgan bo’lsa, ravish holi kesimdan keyin, o’timli fe’ldan tashkil topgan bo’lsa, vositasiz to’ldiruvchidan keyin keladi, o’timli fe’ldan tashkil topgan bo’lsa, vositasiz to’ldiruvchidan keyin keladi. Masalan: “You do not need to worry about me, Louise” said stoutly.
Yana shuni eslatib o’tish lozimki, agar kesim predlogli fe’ldan tashkil topgan bo’lsa ravish hollari kesim va predlog o’rtasida yordamchi, modal, “to be” fe’li va asosiy fe’ldan tashkil topgan bo’lsa, yordamchi va asosiy fe’l o’rtasida keladi. Masalan: She leaned lightly against his shoulder.