Ingliz tili grammatikasi

I wish Present Indefinite Past Indefinite

Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

M: I wish I were a fish in your dish now

I don’t wish it weren’t snowing at the moment
Do you wish I had already finished today’s theme?

2. 
   I wish Past Indefinite Past Perfect
   

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect O’zgarmaydi
Past Perfect Continuous O’zgarmaydi

M: I wish you had passed the exam last year

I don’t wish it had been raining at this time yesterday

3. 
   I wish Future Future in the Past
   

shall / will should / would

M: I wish you would come tomorrow

I don’t wish it would be snowing soon afterwards

4. 
   I wish = If
   

M: If I had a car I should drive it

I wish I had a car I should drive it
REPORTED SPEECH
(O’zlashtirma gap)
Bu muallif tomonidan bayon qilingan fikrning yetkazuvchi tomonidan uchinchi kishiga xabar berish usulidir. Bu ikki xil yo’l bilan amalga oshiriladi.
1. Direct speech – ko’chirma gap
2. Indirect speech – o’zlashtirma gap

Direct speech - muallif gapi yetkazuvchi tomonidan uchinchi shaxsga hech qanday o’zgartirishsiz o’z holicha shakli va ma’nosi saqlanib bayon qilinadi

M: Akmal said: “Come into the room”
Parvina: “Don’t speak Uzbek”
Nafisa asked: “Could you pass me the sugar”

Indirect speech – esa muallif nutqining shakli o’zgargan, lekin ma’nosi o’zgarmagan ko’rinishidir. Bunda qo’shtirnoqlar ochilib, shakl o’zgartiriladi, har bir gap turi alohida shakllarda o’zlashtiriladi.

BUYRUQ GAPNI O’ZLASHTIRISH

Buyruq gapni o’zlashtirishda doim fe’l kesim buyruq ma’nosidagi tell, order, command, ask, beg kabi fe’l kesim bilan ifodalanadi.

1. Bo’lishli shakldagi buyruqni o’zlashtirishda buyruq maylidagi fe’l TO + INFINITIVE yuklamasini oladi.
D: Sanjar said: “Come into the room”
I: Sanjar told me to come into the room
D: Parvina told Akmal: “Speak English”
I: Parvina told Akmal to speak English


2. Agar buyruq bo’lishsiz shaklda bo’lsa DON’T NOT TO ga o’zgaradi
D: Akmal: “Don’t speak English”
I: Akmal ordered not to speak Uzbek

3. Ba’zan umumiy so’roq gap buyruq ma’nosini ifodalasa ular ham yuqoridagi shaklda o’zgartiriladi

D: Could you pass me the sugar?
I: Nafisa asked me to pass her the sugar
D: Will you open the door?
I: She begged Akmal to open the door

4. Agar gap tarkibida 1- yoki 2-shaxs olmoshlari bo’lsa u doim qo’shtirnoq tashqarisida moslashadi. Ya’ni 1-shaxs olmoshi egaga, 2-shaxs olmoshlari to’ldiruvchiga shaxs jihatdan moslashadi. 3-shaxs moslashmaydi.

D: “Give me your pen” – Akmal told Nafisa
ega to’ldiruvchi ega to’ldiruvchi
I: Akmal told Nafisa to give him her pen
D: Parvina asked me: “Tell me your address”
I: Parvina asked me to tell her my address

HIS-HAYAJON VA UNDOV GAPLARNI O’ZLASHTIRISH

His-hayajon gaplarni o’zlashtirganda ularga mos keluvchi fe’l ishlatiladi

• 
  Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening, Hello, Hi – to greet, to say hello
  

D: Sanjar said to Nafisa: “Good morning”
I: Sanjar and Nafisa greeted

• 
  Good bye, Bye bye, See you – to say bye
  

D: Akmal: “Good bye”
I: Akmal said bye to Parvina

• 
  Thank you, Thanks – to thank
  

D: “Thank you” – said Parvina
I: Parvina thanked to Akmal

• 
  Excuse me – to excuse, I am sorry – to be sorry, Pardon – to pardon, Sorry – to feel sorry
  

D: Akmal: “Excuse me, tell me your address”
I: Akmal excused and asked her to tell her address

• 
  His-hayajon – to wonder (hayron qolmoq)
  

D: Nafisa: “Oh! What a nice day!”
I: Nafisa wondered about the weather

• 
  Yes, Of course, Okay, All right – to agree, to answer positively, to give a positive answer
  

D: “Yes” – said Akmal
I: Akmal agreed

• 
  No, Not, Never – to disagree, to refuse, to anwer negatively, to give a negative answer
  

D: “No” – Sanjar
I: Sanjar refused