Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

IV. 1. Tekst A ni o’qing. 2. ‘it is … that’ kuchaytiruvchi oboroti ishtirok etgan gaplarni toping va tarjima qiling. 3. Tekstni tarjima qiling:


Text A. Botkin’s Disease

Botkin’s disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruction of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the disease was called catarrhal jaundice.
But in 1880 the prominent scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.
But it was not before 1940 that the term “Botkin’s disease” was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known physician M. Konchalovsky.
Botkin’s disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.
Botkin’s disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus cannot be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an electronic one. Being highly virulent the virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.


V. Teksdan so’z birikmalarining tarjimasini toping:
1. umumiy o’t yo’lining to’sig’i; 2. xatti-harakatlarga ko’ra; 3. shuningdek keksa odamlarda; 4. jigar hujayralari; 5. suvda va oziq-ovqatda yashay oladi; 6. taloq kattalashuvi; 7. o’tkir virusli kasallik; 8. yallig’lanish jarayoni.

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VI. Read the words and translate the sentences:
1. incubation [,Inkju`beI∫n]. incubation period is the time during which pathogenic microorganisms grow in the body.
2. prodromal [`prodroməl]. prodromal period is the time when the characteristic symptoms of an infectious disease have not appeared yet, but the patient feels a general malaise.
3. parenterally [pə`rentərəlI]. All intramuscular and intravenous injections are given parenterally, i. e. directly into the organisms but not orally.
4. serum [`sIərəm]. serum is the watery fluid which remains after blood has coagulated.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What do pathogenic microorganisms do in the human body during the period of incubation? 2. During what period of an infectious disease haven’t its characteristic symptoms appeared yet? 3. What does the term “parenterally” mean? 4. What is the watery fluid which remains afrer blood has coagulated called?