Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

III. Quyidagi noto’g’ri fe’llarning uch shakldagisini ko’chiring va yod oling:
Leave, be, begin, come, do, give, go, get, have, hear, know, make, meet, read, see, take, teach, tell, think, write, become, lose, feel, lie, hold, mean.

3. 
   Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling (yozma):
   

1. Bizga kitoblar berishadi. 2. Menga tez-tez ko’p savollar berishadi. 3. Operatsiyalar jarroh tomonidan bajariladi. 4. Darsliklar talabalar uchun yoziladi. 5. Bizni tez-tez kutubxonada ko’rishadi.


V. Quyidagi terminlarni o’qing va yodlang:
cranial [`kreInjəl] a kallaga oid;
facial [`feI∫əl] a yuzga oid;
spinal column [`spaInəl `koləm] umurtqa pog’onasi;
cervical [sз:vikəl] a bo’yinga oid;
thoracic ['θo:rəsik] a ko’krakga oid;
lumbar ['lΛmbə] a belga oid;
sacral ['seikrəl] a dumg’azaga oid;
vertebra ['vз:tibrə] n umurtqa (pl (-ae)[i:])
coccyx ['koksikks] n dum;
arch [a:t∫] n yoy;
thorax ['θorəks] n ko’krak qafasi;
basic ['beisik] a asosiy;
cartilage ['ka:tilidз] n to’g’ay;
pelvis ['pelvis] n chanoq;
ligament ['ligəmənt] n bo’lam;
substance ['sΛbstəns] n modda, substansiya.


VI. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini yodlang:
bone [bзΩn] p (pl bones) suyak (suyaklar);
skull [skΛl] n kalla suyagi;
consist (of) [kən'sit (ev)]v (…dan) iborat bo’lmoq;
part [pa:t] n qism; take part in smth. biror narsada qatnashmoq;
trunk [trΛnk] n tana, gavda;
spine [spain]n umurtqa;
chest [t∫est] n ko’krak qafasi;
rib [rib] n qovurg’a;
breastbone [brest'bзΩn] n to’sh suyagi;
side [saId] n tomon; in the side bir tomondan; on cach side har tomondan;
compose [k əm’pзΩz] v tashkil qilmoq; be composed of … dan tashkil topmoq;
connect [k ə`nekt] v ulamoq, bog’lamoq;
free [fri:]a bo’sh, bepul;
neck [nek] n bo’yin;
lower extremity [`lзΩə ks`tremItI] pastki uch;
upper extremity [ `/\p ə Iks`tremItI] yuqori uch;
thigh [θaI] n son, son suyagi;
elbow [`elbзΩ] n tirsak;
shoulder [∫зΩldə] n yelka, yelka bo’g’ini;
joint [dзoInt] n bo’g’in; a qo’shma, birlashgan.


VII. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini o’qing va tarjima qiling:

1. 
   arch [a:t∫]: arches [a:t∫iz], the arch of the vertebra, the arch of the aorta;
   

2. breastbone [brest'bзΩn]: the breastbone is a long bone, the breastbone is in the middle of the chest;
3. extremity [Iks`tremItI]: the lower extremity, the arm is an upper extremity, the leg is a lower extremity;
4. shoulder ['∫зΩldə]: thr right shoulder, the left shoulder;
5. joint [dзoInt]: to be connected together by the joints, some bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints, joint experiments.


VIII. 1. Tekst A ni o’qing. 2. Present Indefinite Passive dagi gaplarni toping. 3. Tekstning 3 va 4 abzatslariga sarlavha qo’ying:


Text A. The Skeleton

The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones.

The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts. There are 26 bones in the skull.
The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.
The vertebra is a small bone, which is formed by the body and arches. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. In the spinal column there are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx. The cervical part of the spine is formed by seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. They have oval bodies.
The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs (juft) of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest seven ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either (ham). They are not connected with other ribs, they are free. Each rib is composed of a head, neck and body.
The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle (kamar).
The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.