Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

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VII. Choose the appropriate word from those given in brackets. Translate the sentences:
1. (Sommebody, something) has estimated that normally you breathe 25.920 times a day breathing in about 450 cubis feet of air. 2. Lately a new group of viruses called adenoviruses have been isolated from the human intestine and respiratory trac in tissue cultures. It has been determined that their presence produced (nothing, anything) pathologic. 3. (Everyone, everything) should remember that the connection of any virus with the body tissues considerably changes their properties. 4. (Everybody, everything) knows that when a virus invades the cell it multiplies there and produces a number of pathologic processes.

7. 
   Answer the following question:
   

1. Why are bacteria dangerous for people? 2. Who was the first scientist to extract penicillin in its pure form? 3. What antibacterial drugs were discovered in the 20^th century? 4. What main property have phagocytes? 5. What kind of environment is favourable for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms? 6. What may occur when bacteria invade the human organism? 7. What do pathogenic microorganisms produce? 8. What organs are covered with mucus?


IX. Read Text F. Answer the teacher’s questions and retell the text:


Text F. The Discovery of Cholera Bacterium

In 1883 Koch went to Egypt to study cholera. At that time a wide-spread epidemic of cholera was in Egypt.

Nobody knew the origin of this disease, there were not any protective measures against it.
The disease spread very rapidly from one place to another and thousands of healthy people died. But sometimes some people who were a constant contact with the diseased person did not catch cholera.
As soon as Koch came to Alexandria he and his two assistants Gaffcky and Fisher began their investigations. In the blood, kidneys, spleen, liver and lungs of the people who died of cholera Koch found many microorganisms but all of them were not the agents of cholera. But in the walls of the intestines and stools Koch always found a microorganism which looked like a comma. Many times Koch tried to grow this bacterium on gelatin but it did not grow. Many times Koch inoculated (emlangan) this bacterium to the experimental animals, but none became ill with cholera. As the epidemic of cholera became less in Egypt, koch went to India to continue his investigations there. In Kalcutta Koch often walked along its muddy (loy) streets, where the poor lived. Once Koch saw some muddy water on the ground near a small house.
Koch looked into that water and he thought he saw there those “commas”. He took some of this water, analysed it under the microscope many times and found in it the same bacteria which he had so many times revealed in the people ill with cholera. Koch also established that animals could not fall ill with this disease. The source [so:s] of the disease was the water, which people drank.