Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

II. Quyidagi gaplarni o’qing va tarjima qiling:
antibacterial [,æntIbæk`tIərəl]; colony [`kolənI]; toxic [`toksIk]; biologist [baI`olədзIst]; expert [`ekspə:t]; injection [In`dзek∫n]; penicillin [,penI`sIlIn]; nature [`neIt∫ə].
III. So’z va so’z birikalarini o’qing:
drug [dr/\g] n dori
dangerous [`deIndзərəs] а xafli;
disappear [,dIsə`pIə] v yo’q bo’lmoq;
immediately [I`mi:djətlI] adv tezda
common [`komən] a odatiy;umumiy; keng trqalgan;
same [seIm] а bir xil, xuddi;
dry [draI] а quruq; v quritmoq; artmoq;
extract [Iks`træ kt] v ajratmoq; chiqarmoq;
pure [pjuə] а toza;
try [traI] v sinab ko’rmoq, harakat qilmoq;
fail [feIl] v uddalay olmaslik, eplay olmaslik; yiqilmoq (imtihonda);
Ba’zan to fail fe’lidan keying infinitiv bilan inkor formada - maslik tarzida tarjima qilinadi, masalan:
The X-ray examination failed to reveal heart enlargement. Rentgen ko’rigi yurakning kattalashganini ko’rsatmadi.
IV. Quyidagi so’z birikmalarini tarjima qiling:
antibacterial drugs a dangerous disease; common pathogenic bacteria; the same family; dry bread; to extract pure penicillin; to try to do something immediately.


V. Tekst E ni o’qing. A. Fleming to’g’risida aytib bering:


Text E. Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming was born in 1881. He did research work at one of the hospitals in London and became interested in bacterial action and antibacterial drugs.

One day Fleming’s assistant brought him a plate (тарелка) on which a colony of dangerous bacteria were being grown. “This plate cannot be used for the experiment,” said the assistant. “Some mould (плесень) formed on it and I’ll have to take another plate.” Fleming was ready to allow his assistant to do so. Then he looked at the plate and saw that the bacteria around the mould had disappeared. Fleming understood the importance of what had happened and immediately began to study that phenomenon.
He placed some of the mould on other plates and grew more colonies of it. By numerous experiments on animals he determined that this new substance wsa not toxic to the tissues and stopped the of the most common pathogenic bacteria.
Fleming called this substance penicillin. It is of the same family of moulds thatoften appear on dry bread.
But many investigations had been carried out before a method for extracting pure penicillin was found. It was also very difficult for Fleming to interest biologists and mould experts in penicillin and to decide the problem of its production.
In 1942 Fleming tried his own first experiment. A friend of his was very ill, dying. After several injections of penicillin the man was cured. It marked the beginning of penicillin treatment.
Fleming received the Nobel Prize for his great discovery. But he said^ “Everywhere I go people thank me for savingtheir lives. I do not know why they do it. I didn’t do anything. Nature makes penicillin – I only found it.”