Инглиз тилида 26 харф бўлиб,20 таси ундош,6 таси унли

Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlshtirma gapga aylantirganda Past Perfect va PastPerfect Continuous zamonlari o‘zgarmay qoladi:

direct :He said, “We had fi nished our work by six o’clock”.
reported :He said that they had fi nished their work by six o’clock.

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  Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda ish-harakatning sodir bo‘lish vaqti ko‘rsatilgan bo‘lsa Simple Past va Past Conti nuous zamonlari o‘zgarmay qoladi:
  

direct: He said, “I began to study English in 1998”.
reported:He said that he began to study English in 1998.
direct :She said, «I met John when I was crossing the road”.
reported :She said that she met John when she was crossing the road.

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  Ammo the day before, two days before kabi vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari bilan Past Perfect ishlatiladi.
  

direct :She said that she had been there the day before.

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  Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda must so‘zi ishharakatning sodir bo‘lish zaruratini biror kuchlar ta‘siri ostoda yuz berishini bildirsa, must o‘rnida had to ishlatiladi.
  

direct :Tom said, «I must send John a tele gram at once».
reported :Tom said that he had to send John a telegram at once.

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  Must fe’li buyruq yoki maslahatni ifodalaganda o‘zgarmasdan qoladi.
  

direct :He said to me, «You must post the letter at once».
reported :He told me that I must post the letter at once.
direct :He said to Nancy, “You must consult a doctor”
reported :He told Nancy that she must cosult a doctor

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  Should, ought to fe’llari o‘zlashtirma gaplarda o‘zgarmay qoladi.
  

direct :He said to John, “You should (ought to) send them a telegram at once”.
reported :He told John that he should (ought to) send them a telegram at once.

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