International conference on bioinformatics of genome regulation
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Key words: overlapping genes, antiparallel open reading frame Motivation and Aim: The origin and evolution of genes that have common base pairs (overlapping genes) is a topic of several dozen modern researches. Co-directional over- laps longer than 60 bp seem to be erroneous except for a couple of cases [1]. So we decided to analyze antiparallel overlapping genes: whether open reading frames (ORFs) located opposite to genes (antiparallel ORFs) can be genes. Methods and Algorithms: To analyze 968 reference prokaryotic genomes we have devel- oped a program which finds ORFs on the complement strand of the annotated genes and calculates their P-value. Ka/Ks calculator 2.0 [2] has been used to estimate Ka/Ks ratio following the Yang and Nielsen method [3]. Results: First, we have found that long antiparallel ORFs are observed reliably more frequent than expected. There are 10472000 antiparallel ORFs in 968 analyzed genomes with overlap length more than 180 bp. Stop-codons on the opposite to the coding strand are avoided in 2898 cases with FDR P-value 0.01. Second, we have discovered that antiparallel ORFs are subjected to positive selection. Demonstrative example is more than 1800 bp antiparallel ORF found opposite to ex- tremely conserved dnaK genes. Translations of these ORFs were claimed ‘glutamate de- hydrogenases’ (GDH) and even included into Pfam DB as third protein family PF10712 of GDH [4]. Ka/Ks analysis demonstrated that if these translations correspond to pro- teins then they are under positive selection while dnaK genes are under strong negative selection. Due to zero shift of the ORFs’ codons each synonymous mutation in dnaK gene leads to amino acid substitution in the ORF translation. However, some antiparal- lel ORFs, in particular dnaK related, have been found to resist to synonymous changes in genes. It indicates possibility of their translation. We speculate that their occasional translations should avoid toxicity for a bacterial cell. Conclusion: Essential genes are unlikely to be encoded by antiparallel ORFs in prokary- otic genomes. Nevertheless, some antiparallel ORFs might have biological significance associated with their translations. Acknowledgements. The work was supported by RFBR grant 14-04-01693 (1 st author) and RNF grant 14-50-00029 (2 nd author) References: 1. A. Pallejà, E. Harrington, P. Bork. (2008) Large gene overlaps in prokaryotic genomes: result of func- tional constraints or mispredictions? BMC Genomics, 9:335. 2. D. Wang et al. (2010) KaKs_Calculator 2.0: a toolkit incorporating gamma-series methods and sliding window strategies, Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics, 8:77-80. 3. Z. Yang, R. Nielsen. (2000) Estimating Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates Under Realistic Evolutionary Models, Mol Biol Evol, 17:32-43. 4. N. Walker, N. McEwan, R. Wallace. (1999) Overlapping Sequences with High Homology to Functional Proteins Coexist on Complementary Strands of DNA in the Rumen Bacterium Prevotella albensis, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 263:58-62. 192 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY GEROPROTECTOR AND CRITERIA FOR ITS EVALUATION A. Moskalev 1-4 *, M. Shaposhnikov 1, 2 , E. Proshkina 1, 2 , V. Tsvetkov 4 , A. Fedintsev 4 , E. Chernyagina 4 , A. Zhavironkov 4 1 Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia 2 Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia 3 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia * Corresponding author: kateplus@mail.ru Key words: aging, health, geroprotector To date, more than 200 substances that prolong the life of model organisms have been re- ported in the literature (http://geroprotectors.org). Reducing the cost and improving the efficiency with which increasingly large amounts of data from model organisms can be applied to humans will be critical to progress in the development of human geroprotec- tors. For this purpose, we have to come to an agreement what should be considered ap- plicable to human geroprotectors. Primary selection criteria for potential geroprotector can be as following: 1) Increased lifespan in models or human. The increase in lifespan is not always accompanied by positive changes in the quality of life, and additional cri- teria for geroprotectors is needed, and discussed below. 2) Amelioration of human ag- ing biomarkers (http://ageing-map.org). 3) Acceptable toxicity. 4) Minimal side effects. 5) Improving health-related quality of life. Secondary selection criteria are needed to reduce cost of investigations and increase efficacy for potential geroprotector: 6) Evo- lutionary conservatism of target or mechanism of action (http://agingchart.org). 7) Re- producibility of geroprotective effects on different model organisms. 8) Simultaneous influence on several aging-associated causes of death in mammals. 9) Increase of stress resistance. Analysis of published data with the use of developed criteria did reveal candidates that fit all of the main criteria: (e.g., acarbose, deprenyl, d-glucosamine, dihydroergocristine methanesulfonate, ellagic acid, fenofibrate, glutathione, metformin, spermidine, tyrosol, and vinpocetine, telmisartan), and we suggest that they are tractable candidates for hu- man interventions. 193 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PHOSPHORYLATION OF ΑB-CRYSTALLIN: EFFECTS OF AGING AND CARDIOMYOPATHY N.A. Muraleva 1 *, V.A. Devyatkin 1, 2 , N.A. Kolosova 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: Myraleva@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: αB-crystallin, phosphorylation, cardiomyopathy, OXYS rats Motivation and Aim: αB-crystallin (Cryab) is ubiquitous and has critical roles in sev- eral cellular processes that are modulated by phosphorylation (pCryab). Aging and age- related diseases lead to increased pCryab in several tissues such as eye lens, retina and skeletal muscle. Earlier we showed connection of cataract and retinopathy development in accelerated senescence OXYS rats with alteration of Cryab gene expression. Here we evaluated the changes of Cryab and its phosphorylation at serine positions 59 (pS59- Cryab) in myocardium in response to normal aging and development of cardiomyopathy in OXYS rats to estimate the contribution of these changes in the systemic manifesta- tions of accelerated aging. Methods: Electrocardiographic analysis, testing of blood pressure, western blot analysis, real-time PCR, histological and immunofluorescent assay. Results: We found that the clinical signs of cardiomyopathy manifested themselves in electrocardiograms of OXYS rats at the age of 12 months. Nevertheless, a slight functional alteration (tachycardia) was observed at 20-day-old rats and increased by the age of 3 months when OXYS rats developed arterial hypertension. In 12-month-old OXYS rats, a histological assay revealed hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes; substantial fibrosis of connective tissue was detected among the cardiomyocytes and around the coronary vessels; the vessel index (ratio of outer/inner diameter) was increased in comparison with Wistar rats (controls). The signs of atherosclerosis in the vessels OXYS rats were not detected. The devel- opment of cardiomyopathy was not associated with alterations in expression of Cryab (determined by Western blot) in OXYS rats, but the expression of its protein increased by the 24 months. Phosphorylation of Cryab in OXYS and Wistar rats increased by the age of 3 months, as a result there was a decrease level of protein Cryab. The different on pS59-Cryab expression from detergent-soluble fraction between OXYS and Wistar rats was not found. Moreover, the level of pS59-Cryab in detergent-insoluble fraction was increased in 3-month-old OXYS rats compared with the control animals. This was the result of translocation of the pS59-Cryab from detergent-soluble to detergent-insoluble fraction. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the development of secondary cardiomyopathy in 12-month-old OXYS rats associated with hypertension. The expression of Cryab in- creased in myocardium OXYS and Wistar rats with the aging and it had not links with development of cardiomyopathy. The accumulation pS59-Cryab in detergent-insoluble protein fraction of myocardium elevated translocated to striated sarcomeres with the aging in both strain. Moreover, it was faster in myocardium OXYS rats and preceded the development of cardiomyopathy. This study was supported by the RFBR (Grant # 14-04-00376). 194 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ADVANCED CAPABILITIES OF VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL MODELS E.R. Muslikhov, L.A. Strukova Qvadros-Bio, LLC, Moscow, Russia * Corresponding author: erm@qvadrosbio.ru Key words: cell culture, experimental technology Cell culture - one of the most commonly used models in biology, which is applicable for the morphological, physiological, genetic, molecular biological, pharmacological and other studies. At the same time cell is a very complicated dynamic structure with a vari- ety of biological and chemical processes occurring inside it. Many factors, both external and internal, at the same time can affect its state, which can very can be important for the results of the study. Through the development of photometry and microscopy, more and more attention is focusing on dynamic processes in the cell, but thanks to advances in technology, it is possible to make a continuous shooting in unacceptable for conven- tional microscopes and cameras conditions at high temperature and humidity directly inside the CO 2 incubator. Thus, it is possible to study the behavior and track the status of cells without having to create a complex of climatic chambers, which are much less effective than incubators. “Quadros-Bio” company is represent IncuCyte Zoom automated microscopes and a number of equipment for shooting inside the incubator in Russia. The equipment is com- patible with most types of cultural plastic, automatically focuses and takes pictures at specified intervals, processes the information and produces graphical results. It is now possible to observe the cells during hours, days, weeks and even months in real time, from anywhere in the world where you have a network connection. In our report, we will review how based on continuous recording in real time measure- ment helping to get a true idea of the influence of various factors on the morphology, proliferation and cell health; on the nature of the interaction between the different cell types; on angiogenesis mechanisms of neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative disorders. This survey also allows to perform phenotypic characterization of genes associated with various events in the life of the cell, to assess the overall condition of the culture and the effectiveness of pharmacological agents. References: 1. I. V. Arutyunyan, T. H. Fatkhudinov, A.V. El’chaninov, A.V. Makarov, E.Yu. Kananykhina, N.Yu. Us- man, E.Sh. Raimova, D.V. Goldshtein, G.B. Bol’shakova. Effect of Endothelial Cells on Angiogenic Properties of Multipotent Stromal Cells from the Umbilical Cord during Angiogenesis Modeling in the Basement Membrane Matrix Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, (2016) 4: 575-583 2. V. Vakhrushev, A. S. Vdovin, L. A. Strukova*, K. N. Yarygin. Variability of the Phenotype and Prolif- eration and Migration Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from the Decidu- ous Teeth Pulp of Different Donors. Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, (2016) 4: 525-529 195 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ORTHOSCAPE: A CYTOSCAPE PLUGIN FOR EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF GENE NETWORKS Z.S. Mustafin 1 *, D.A. Afonnikov 1, 2 , K.V. Gunbin 1 , Yu.G. Matushkin 1, 2 , S.A. Lashin 1, 2 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: mustafinzs@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: Cytoscape plugin, ortholog, paralog, metabolic pathway, gene regulatory network, evolution, phylostratigraphy, evolution Motivation and Aim: There are a number of software intended to visualization and analy- sis of biological networks. Among them, Cytoscape (http://cytoscape.org/) is one of the most comprehensive tools. There are a lot of plugins extending the base functionality of Cytoscape. Nevertheless, there is still lack of evolution-oriented plugins: just three plugins tagged ‘network evolution’ in Cytoscape official app store and in literature. We have developed a new Cytoscape plugin Orthoscape aimed to perform evolutionary analysis of gene networks and visualize its results. Methods and Algorithms: We used KEGG (http://www.kegg.jp/) Pathway database to get gene networks, KEGG Orthology to get lists or homologs with identity and SW Score values, KEGG Genes to get protein domains, also nucleotide and amino acid sequences and KEGG Organism to get taxo- nomic information. The domain composition and sequence similarity approaches used to discriminate between paralogs and orthologs [1]. Last common taxonomic level over- lapped with inferred orthology status were used as a phylostratigraphic data [2] about (sub)network origin/divergence. We also allow users to create new networks from gene sets using GeneMANIA or CyPath2 (for BioPax format support) plugins. In this case, we used KEGG sequence similarity search to associate proteins from new networks with data annotated in KEGG. Divergence index is calculated by KaKs calculator [3] using pairwise sequence comparisons for the taxa under analysis. The average value of this index allow us to discriminate between diversifying and stabilizing selection in orthologous groups. Results: Cytoscape plugin Orthoscape has been developed. The plugin allows users to analyse evolutionary information in the gene sets and networks: (1) the orthology relationships between genes; (2) the evolutionary origin of gene net- work components; (3) the evolutionary regime (diversifying or stabilizing, negative or positive selection) of orthologous groups in general and/or branch-oriented mode. The distinctive feature of Orthoscape is the ability to control all data analysis steps via user- friendly interface. Conclusion: Orthoscape allows user to analyze gene networks or separated gene sets to know the evolutionary origin of genes (sub)networks and selective pressure. It also provides convenient visualization and data manipulation abilities on each data analysis step. Availability: Upon the requests to the authors. Acknowledgements: The study is supported by the RSF 14-24-00123 grant. References: 1. Т. Gabaldón, E.V. Koonin (2013) Functional and evolutionary implications of gene orthology. Nat Rev Genet. 14:360-6. 2. M. Quint et al. (2012) A transcriptomic hourglass in plant embryogenesis, Nature, 490: 98-101. 3. Z. Zhang et al. (2006) KaKs_Calculator: Calculating Ka and Ks through model selection and model averaging, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 4: 259-263. 196 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY CROSSING VALLEYS AND REACHING PEAK ON THE FITNESS LANDSCAPES IN MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES UNDER VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: A SIMULATION STUDY Z.S. Mustafin 1 *, D.A. Afonnikov 1, 2 , Yu.G. Matushkin 1, 2 , S.A. Lashin 1, 2 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: lashin@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: Fitness landscape, fitness valley, microbial community, modeling, evolution, mutation rate Motivation and Aim: Expression of the majority of an organism’s phenotypic traits de- pends on the state of alleles in several genome loci. To model the evolution of a popu- lation with such complex genotype-phenotype relationship, the locus-locus interaction should be taken into account. In these models, the evolution of a population is usually described by its movement over the fitness landscapes [1]. The challenging problem for such models concerns the necessity for a population to overcome intermediate evolu- tionary stages by random drift. These stages are associated with the fixation of harmful mutations. Nowadays, the interest is also induced by the possibility of models to explain (or at least to try to explain) huge amounts of data recently collected as a result of high- throughput sequencing of genomes [2, 3] as well as by the possibility to check classical and novel theoretical models and to estimate their parameters. These evolutionary mod- els are aimed to answer the following major question: what factors do allow populations to cross valleys with decreased fitness on the fitness landscape during their transition from one peak to another? Methods and Algorithms: We analyze mechanisms of cross- ing fitness valleys for a population of haploid microorganisms, fitness of which depends on allelic states in two loci and determined by complex landscape which shape could be described as “mount in the field surrounded by trench”. For this purpose, we used the HEC software [4] to build and simulate necessary models. We considered the impact of various biological factors on evolutionary fate of microbial communities. The factors included both molecular-genetic ones (mutation rate, affinities of subunits), population ones (fitness function landscape), and ecological ones (concentration of accessible sub- strate in the habitat, flow rate). Results and discussion: Our results demonstrate that the success in passing of the fitness valleys in our model is defined by both fitness difference for different allelic combinations and mutation rate. Either gradual or saltation evolu- tionary modes may be optimal for different fitness landscapes. Availability: Software – http://evol-constructor.bionet.nsc.ru, model scripts – upon the requests to the authors. Acknowledgements: The study is supported by the RSF 14-24-00123 grant. References: 1. M.C. Whitlock et al. (1995) Multiple Fitness Peaks and Epistasis. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 26:601–629. 2. T.F.C. Mackay. (2013) Epistasis and quantitative traits: using model organisms to study gene–gene interactions. Nat Rev Genet, 15:22-33. 3. M.V. Meer et al. (2010) Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fit- ness. Nature, 464:279-282. 4. S.A. Lashin et al. (2014) HEC 2.0: improved simulation of the evolution of prokaryotic communities, Mathematical biology & bioinformatics, 9: 585-596. 197 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY POLYMORPHISM OF THE VRN-A1 EXON-4 AND EXON-7 IN POLYPLOID WHEAT A.F. Muterko*, E.A. Salina Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: muterko@gmail.com Key words: wheat, VRN-A1, exon-4, exon-7, polymorphism The manipulation by the quantitative values of such agronomically valuable traits as vernalization requirement, frost tolerance and flowering time allows adapt of plants to a wide range of environmental conditions that is an especially actual in wheat breeding in condition of changing climate. In recent studies the association of the missense mutations within VERNALIZATION-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 with modulation of frost tolerance, vernalization requirement dura- tion and flowering time of wheat was shown. However these investigations were carried out exclusively in varieties of T. aestivum and has not covered of other species of poly- ploid wheat and the different VRN-A1 alleles. Furthermore, often, the VRN-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 analyzed separately, excluding influence of missense mutations in each of them on the results. In finally, earlier studies not supposed more than one copy of VRN- A1 per genome and, hence, not estimated ratio of the VRN-A1 copies with alternative haplotypes of exon-4 and exon-7. In present study polymorphism of the VRN-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 was investigated in accessions of 6 tetraploid and 5 hexaploid wheat species carrying the different VRN-A1 alleles. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies, investigation was performed given the presence of VRN-D4, which only by the several SNPs differs from VRN-A1. Spe- cially developed approach, based on anomalous migration of the curved DNA molecules through polyacrylamide gel and the quantitative fluorescence image analysis have been implemented for discrimination and definition of ratio of the VRN-A1 copy with the exon-4 alternative haplotype. The allele-specific multiplex PCR assay was designed to identification of the VRN-A1 exon-7 haplotype. Combination of the exon 4 and 7 haplo- types was defined for each copy of VRN-A1. Polymorphism of the VRN-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 was revealed only in accessions of hexaploid wheat, while tetraploid wheat characterized by the intact sequences (wild type). Furthermore, without two variants, identified only in hexaploid wheat, all domi- nant VRN-A1 alleles carry intact exons 4 and 7. Exception for one accession the mutant VRN-A1 exon-4 was detected only with intact variant simultaneously. This observation allows assume that mutant type and overall polymorphism of exon-4 is associated with no less than two copy of VRN-A1 per genome. Analysis of the VRN-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 alternative haplotype combinations in hexaploid wheat, found that wild type of exon-7 and mutant type of exon-4 are associated with analogous haplotype of exon 4 and 7 respectively. In finally, 3 different ratios of alternative VRN-A1 exon-4 haplotypes per genome were identified. Change of ratio of the alternative VRN-A1 exon-4 and exon-7 haplotypes can be used to modulate of quantitative values of traits that are important for adaptation of the bread wheat varieties to a large range of environments. 198 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PROTEOMIC OF TCA - EXTRACTED COMPOUNDS, ISOLATЕD FROM HUMAN BLOOD SERUM REVEALED NEW POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS, ASSOSIATED WITH AUTOIMMUNE AND HEMATOONCOLOGICAL DISEASES S. Myronovkij 1 , M. Starykovych 1 , Y. Bobak 1 , N. Negrych 2 , T. Nehrych 2 , M. Shorobura 2 , O. Shalay 3 , S. Souchelnytskyi 4 , R. Stoika 1 , Y. Kit 1 * 1 Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv Ukraine 2 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine 3 Institute of Blood Transfusion Medicine, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine 4 Center for Translational Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar * Corresponding author: kit@cellbiol.lviv.ua Download 3.91 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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