International conference on bioinformatics of genome regulation
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Key words: GJB2, deafness, genetic fitness, Eastern Siberia, Russia Motivation and Aim: Introduction of a sign language in schools for deaf people led to growth of their genetic fitness, which has doubled the GJB2 gene, associated deafness in the USA over the past 200 years. High prevalence of the GJB2-deafness and relatively recent (~ 60 years ago) introduction of sign language among deaf people were recorded among indigenous Yakut population (Eastern Siberia, Russia). Methods and Algorithms: We have performed study of fertility of deaf people compared to their hearing siblings in Eastern Siberia. Fertility was determined as mean number of children born to specific group. Genetic fitness of deaf people was calculated as the ratio of their fertility to fertility of their hearing siblings [1]. Results: Data on 83 deaf people and 185 hearing siblings, aged 35-69 years was collect- ed. 143 children accounted for 83 deaf individuals, whereas 185 hearing siblings had 422 children. Fertility of deaf people was estimated as 1.72 vs 2.28 of their hearing siblings. Overall the genetic fitness for deaf individuals is 0.75. There was no difference between genders. Our results are comparable with fitness of deaf women in Sweden – 0.76 [2], and lower than in USA – 0.88 [1] and higher than in Mongolia – 0.62 [3]. Conclusion: Thus, genetic fitness of deaf in Eastern Siberia is slightly reduced, which is still could possibly increase frequency of GJB2-deafness. Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the RFBR grants #15-04-04860_а, #16-34-00564_mol_a, the State project #6.656.2014/K. References: 1. Blanton SH. et al. Fitness among individuals with early childhood deafness: Studies in alumni families from Gallaudet University Ann Hum Genet. 2010;74(1):27-33. 2. Carlsson PI, Danermark B, Borg E. Marital status and birthrate of deaf people in two Swedish coun- ties: the impact of social environment in terms of deaf community. Am Ann Deaf. 2004-2005 Win- ter;149(5):415-20. 3. Tekin M. et al. GJB2 mutations in Mongolia: complex alleles, low frequency, and reduced fitness of the deaf Ann Hum Genet. 2010 Mar;74(2):155-64. 257 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY EVOLUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES IN BAIKALIAN AMPHIPODS E.V. Romanova 1 *, V.V. Aleoshin 2 , K.V. Mikhailov 2 , R.M. Kamaltynov 1 , M.D. Logacheva 2 , E.A. Sirotinina 1 , D.Yu. Sherbakov 1, 3 1 Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2 A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology MSU, Moscow, Russia 3 Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia * Corresponding author: ERA_85@inbox.ru Key words: Baikal, amphipods, mitochondrial genome Motivation and Aim: Amphipods of Lake Baikal present the perfect example of adap- tive radiation. Along with cichlid fishes of African Rift Lakes and Darwin’s finches of the Galapagos archipelago these invertebrates make a good model for studying of specia- tion process, however in comparison to the former groups, amphipods of Lake Baikal are incommensurably less investigated. Despite previous efforts [Sherbakov et al 1999] the evolutionary history and taxonomy of Baikalian amphipods remains not sufficiently understood. The aim of this study is to infer phylogeny of Baikalian amphipods based on all mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences and also to look for possible peculiar features of mitochondrial genomes structure in this group of invertebrates. Methods and Algorithms: Sequencing DNA samples was performed using Illumina sys- tems (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Mitochondrial DNA sequences were assembled both from reads of large mitochondrial DNA amplicons and from reads of total DNA using reference sequence. Results: We obtained complete and nearly complete mitochondrial genome sequences of nine Baikalian amphipod species. A phylogenetic inference based on both nucleo- tide sequences of mitochondrial protein coding genes and their amino acid sequences revealed Baikalian species to be a monophyletic group within other amphipods. The amphi-Atlantic-distributed amphipod species Gammarus duebeni become the nearest outgroup to Baikalian clade. A structural analysis of mitochondrial genomes showed that Baikalian species under study possess different gene order patterns in comparison to each other and to available non-Baikalian amphipods. Also in mitochondrial genomes of four Baikalian amphipods the duplicated tRNA genes were found. It was discovered that additional tRNA copies in genomes of three species become underwent a remolding (changing of tRNA identity via point mutation in anticodon). Another feature of mito- chondrial genomes studied is different numbers and lengths of intergenic spacers that occupy from 1.8 to 21.3 % of their entire length. Conclusion: Our study supported the hypothesis about monophyly of Baikalian am- phipods [Kamaltynov, 1999]. It was also shown the origination of some shallow-water species of Eulimnogammarus genus from a deep-water ancestor. The mitochondrial ge- nomes of studied species possess sufficient amount of differences in patterns of genes and non-coding parts that suggest the hypothesis of an intense rearrangements processes in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes of Baikalian amphipods. References: 1. D.Yu. Sherbakov et al. (1999). On the Phylogeny of Lake Baikal Amphipods in the Light of Mitochon- drial and Nuclear Dna Sequence Data, Crustaceana, 72(8): 911-919. 2. R.M. Kamaltynov (1999). On the evolution of Lake Baikal amphipods. Crustaceana, 72, 921–931. 258 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY GENETIC DIVERSITY AND METABOLISM OF THE GARGA HOT SPRING MICROBIAL MAT A.S. Rozanov*, A.V. Bryanskaya, T.K. Malup, T.V. Ivanisenko, Yu.E. Uvarova, S.E. Peltek Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: sibiryak.n@gmail.com Key words: microbial mat, hot spring, microbial community, metagenomic, metabolism Motivation and Aim Geothermal springs located at Baikal rift zone are interesting objects for studying the thermophilic bacteria. In this study we present the data about genetic diversity of phototrophic microbial mat of the geothermal Garga spring (Baikal, Russia). Methods and Algorithms: We have applied the 16S rRNA metagenomic approach. To this aim, we have used the primers U341F (5’-CCTACGGGRSGCAGCAG-3’, where R is A or G, S is G or C) and U806R (5’- GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’, V - C or R, W – A or T). NGS sequencing of the variable V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was performed on MiSeq (Illumina) using the MiSeq reagent kit v.2 (Illumina). For data analysis we have used the software: QIIME pipeline, USEARCH (Ultra-fast sequence analysis) tool v5.2.236. Results Metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the genetic diversity of the microorganisms of the Garga hot-spring. We have studied 4 points with the temperature varying from 74 to 45 °С. Bioinformatics analysis gained more than 13 thousands sequences of post filtering quality for each of the eight studied samples. Total number of sequences for all the points equals to 222201. Phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that Archaea (mainly Crenarchaeota) inhabit only a single point with the highest temperature (20%). The majority of the microbial mat was represented by cyanobacteria genus Leptolyngbya. The heterotrophic microor- ganisms were mainly represented by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in all samples of the Garga hot spring. Planctomicetes, and anoxic phototrophs, mainly Chloroflexi, were found in significant amounts in the middle layer of the microbial mat. In the lower part of the microbial mat, the heterotrophic microorganisms were dominated. Representa- tives of phylum Firmicutes (Clostridia, strict anaerobes) were most frequent. Based on the data about distribution of different Bacterial in microbial mat layers we have made assumption of forming of closed cycles for the basic for life chemical elements: carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. 259 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY NEUROTHROPHIN SIGNALING PATHWAY IN DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-LIKE PATHOLOGY E.A. Rudnitskaya*, N.A. Muraleva, N.A. Stefanova, N.G. Kolosova Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: ekaterina.rudnitskaia@gmail.com Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, neurotrophin, senescence-accelerated OXYS rats Motivation and Aim: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of age-related dementia worldwide, with dramatically increasing incidence because of ageing of the population. However, the precise mechanisms of AD progression are still not fully un- derstood. One of the processes that may contribute to neurodegeneration is age-related alteration of neurotrophic signaling since neurotrophins manage synaptic plasticity, growth of neurite and neuron survival and death. To investigate a link between altera- tions of neurotrophic signaling pathway (NSP) and progression of AD pathology we used OXYS rats that are considered as a suitable model of AD. Methods and Algorithms: 20-day-old, 3, 5 and 18-mo-old OXYS and Wistar (control) rats (n = 16) were used. The RNA-seq data obtained for frontal cortex were used to ana- lyze changes in NSP. ELISA was used to quantify level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Western-blot analysis was used to quantify levels of TrkB and phosphorylated TrkB (phTrkB) receptors in the hippocampus and cortex. Im- munohistochemistry was used to localize proBDNF and mature BDNF (mBDNF), TrkB and phTrkB receptors in the hippocampus and cortex. Results: According to KEGG pathway, 4 genes related to NSP were upregulated in the cortex of OXYS rats at the age of 20 days and 5 mo compared to Wistar rats. However, 18 mo-old OXYS rats had 20 genes related to NSP with differential expression in the cortex. From the age of 20 days to 5 mo expression of 45 genes related to NSP changed unidirectionally in the cortex of OXYS and Wistar rats. With age only 5 genes of NSP changed its expression in the cortex of Wistar rats, while the expression of 54 genes was changed from the age of 5 to 18 mo in the cortex of OXYS rats. Analysis of protein con- tent in the hippocampus showed that BDNF levels were increased in 3-mo-old OXYS rats and decreased with age. In addition, proapoptotic proBDNF became prevailing form of BDNF in the hippocampus of 18-mo-old OXYS rats. As for BDNF receptor, TrkB, its activation (that’s mean phTrkB/TrkB ratio) was decreased in the hippocampus of 18-mo- old OXYS rats. Conclusion: Activation of NSP in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of 3-5-mo-old OXYS rats may be considered as compensatory process addressed to slow down the development of AD-like pathology. However, compensation was ineffective and consid- erable alterations of NSP occurred at the age of 18 mo that coincided in time with active progression of AD-like pathology in OXYS rats. This work was supported by grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project #15-04-06066). 260 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF CATARACT AS THE BASIC SELECTION TRAIT IN THE ONTOGENY OF SENESCENCE-ACCELERATED OXYS RATS Yu.V. Rumyantseva*, A.Z. Fursova, E.E. Korbolina, N.G. Kolosova Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: rumyantseva@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: accelerated aging, cataract, lens, crystallins, molecular chaperone, small heat-shock protein, Alzheimer’s disease, OXYS rats A non-transgenic model of accelerated senescence and associated age-related disorders in OXYS rats was established by selection and inbreeding of Wistar rats, which were sensitive to the cataractogenic effects of galactose-enriched diet. The development of cataracts was induced by galactose overconsumption at the start, but, after five genera- tions, the early spontaneous cataract became the selection trait against the background of a normal diet. To date, as a result of carefully controlled selection, OXYS rats stably and spontaneously develop the characteristic accelerated-senescence phenotype, including early cataract (similar to human senile cataract), AMD-like retinopathy, osteoporosis, arterial hypertension, and – according to the recent findings - brain neurodegenerative pathology with the features specific for Alzheimer’s disease. These led to the use of OXYS strain in the fundamental research and in the study of drug therapeutic effec- tiveness. It is widely known, that age-related cataracts are associated with degenerative changes in the ocular lens including the aggregation of proteins, mainly molecular chap- erones - crystallins, but also amyloids. This biochemical aspect might be a fascinating hypothesis for a cataract as a “biomarker” of systemic changes, including neurological processes, in the selection of OXYS rats. We recently reported the downregulation of a- crystallin gene expression during retinopathy progression in OXYS rats. So, the aim of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of morphological changes in the OXYS lens and to compare it with lens mRNA levels for αА- and αВ-crystallins in order to search for potential systemic commonalities between cataract and retinopathy. We ex- amined OXYS rats’ lens by means of light microscopy at 20 days (no clinical signs of cataract), 3 months (cataract prevalence is 100 %), and at 12 months (at the pronounced stages of disease) in comparison with age-matched Wistar rats (control group). In the lens of 20-day-old OXYS rats the minor aberrations in the packing of cortical fibers, and the signs of alterations in the transport activity and/or cell-to-cell contacts were detected. The likely-compensatory increase in the density of the lens epithelium was accompa- nied by upregulation of the αА- and αВ-crystallin genes. At the age of 3 months, there were noticeable aberrations (and at 12 months, significantly enhanced aberrations) in the structure of the lens capsule and in organization of the cortical fibers in OXYS rats, whereas a-crystallin expression dipped below than in the Wistar rats. Summarizing, we showed that systemic changes in the expression and function of crystallins may underlie cataract and retinopathy progression in OXYS rats. Thus the selection for “cataract” trait might led to inheritable systemic changes including AMD-like retinopathy and brain Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in OXYS rats. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 14-04- 00376 А). 261 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF ANHYDROBIOSIS-RELATED GENES IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION IN THE SLEEPING CHIRONOMID (POLYPEDILUM VANDERPLANKI) A.V. Ryabova 1 , A.V. Cherkasov 1 *, K. Mukae 2 , T. Kikawada 3 , T. Okuda 3 , T. Sakashita 4 , O. Gusev 1, 5, 6 1 Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, KFU, Kazan, Russia 2 Department of Regulatory Biology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan 3 Anhydrobiosis Research Group, NIAS, Tsukuba, Japan 4 Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Takasaki, Japan 5 Division of Genomic Technologies, CLST, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan 6 Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, CLST, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan * Corresponding author: urban-nomad@yandex.ru Key words: anhydrobiosis, ionizing radiation, resistance, microarrays Motivation and Aim: The larval stage of African chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki has an extraordinary ability to withstand different types of external stress, such as com- plete water loss and high-dose radiation exposure. Both hazards cause a similar trend in molecular damage, eventually leading to severe DNA lesions. The main purpose of this study was to clarify cross-tolerance mechanism to desiccation and irradiation by analyzing alterations in expression patterns of the most renowned stress-resistant groups of enzymes, such as antioxidants, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and heat- shock proteins. Methods and Algorithms: For RNA expression analysis larvae were sampled according to the time (in hours) passed from the irradiation (0.5h; 3h; 12h), beginning of desic- cation (24h; 48h) and of rehydration (24h). Custom microarrays for P. vanderplanki (4 × 44k format) were prepared by Agilent Technologies, Japan. Probe design was per- formed using 16652 genes selected from Pv-EST database. Data analysis was accom- plished in Subio Platform (v.1.19). Blast2go software was applied for ESTs annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) mapping via BLASTx results running against TrEMBL, Fly- base and Wormbase. GO enrichment analysis was carried out with BinGO plugin for Cytoscape platform. Results: The expression patterns of desiccation-responsive genes demonstrated mainly similar trends in all types of stress exposure. Functional analysis showed a presence of several closely related clusters of enriched biological processes and molecular functions, associated with different metabolic response to unfavorable conditions. Most of enriched GO terms were connected with protein modification and repair or neutralization of reac- tive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion: Evolutionary-based adaptation of P. vanderplanki larvae to anhydrobiosis produces an activation of a multiple gene associations for elimination negative effects obtained from other types of abiotic stress impact. Tolerance to ionizing radiation is a side adaptation to desiccation resistance. Acknowledgements: The work is performed according to the Russian Government Pro- gram of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant №14-04-01657). 262 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY GRAPH DATABASE FOR HUMAN MICROBIOME A.A. Ryasik, E.A. Temlyakova, M.A. Orlov, A.A. Sorokin* Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Russia * Corresponding author: arc7an@gmail.com Key words: graph database, omics data, big data Motivation and Aim: Human microbiome project (HMP) [1] is an important and per- spective work with huge significance in biology and medicine. This project data grow year by year and nowadays it already contains 3055 sequenced and annotated organisms. So there is an obvious need in a tool that can provide convenient way of storing, updat- ing and analyzing such amount of information. We believe that graph representation of biological data is the most natural and convenient way, because graphs have already been successfully used in system biology, bioinformatics etc. Methods and Algorithms: We develop a graph-oriented storage for omics data using Neo4j [2] database engine. The algorithms for collecting, uploading and updating data was implemented by Python and Scala. We collect data from different sources and data- bases such as GenBank, UniProt, CheBI, Gene Ontology etc. It is also possible to store profiles of physical characteristics of the genome sequences in our database. All this data is processed and represented as graph, and accessible via native graph query language Cypher from web portal. Results: Recently we have reimplemented the algorithms of the uploading data from ex- ternal sources and achieved critical acceleration in upload. Now full upload of the most heavy part - genomics and proteomics data - can be done within hours instead of weeks as it used to be. Conclusion: As sequencing data is updated every month, consequently new version of graph databases can be updated much faster according to new releases of HMP data. So the releases of our graph database with the most relevant information will be available almost the same time as HMP releases. Availability: Source code is available on GitHub: http://github.com/promodel/ Acknowledgements: This work was supported by RFBR, grant r_centr_a 14-44-03679. References: 1. NIH Human Microbiome Project: http://www.hmpdacc.org/catalog/ 2. Neo4j web-site (Neo Technology): http://www.neo4j.org/ 263 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY NEURONAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF DROSOPHILA LIFE SPAN O.Y. Rybina 1, 2 , A.V. Symonenko 1 , N.V. Roshina 1 , A.V. Krementsova 1, 3 , E.R. Veselkina 1 , M.I. Schelkunov 4 , S.V. Sarantseva 5 , E.G. Pasyukova 1 * 1 Institute of Molecular Genetics of RAS, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Russia 3 N. M. Emmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia 4 M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia 5 B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia * Corresponding author: egpas@rambler.ru Key words: Life span, transcription factors, the nervous system, Drosophila Motivation and Aim: The nervous system is responsible for processing information from internal and external sources and propagation of vital clues throughout the organism, which ensures its key role in maintaining structural and functional homeostasis and, hence, in the control of longevity. Main aging pathways known today are not specifically neuronal and function in other tissues. At the same time, the identity of neuronal cells is established and maintained due to the expression of specific neuronal genes. The role of these genes in life span control remains largely obscure. We used genetic approaches combined with q-RT-PCR and RNA-seq analyses to assess effects of genes controlling neuronal transcription factors on life span and to find mechanisms providing their impact on aging. Results: Earlier, we demonstrated that several genes (stc, Lim3, and others) that encode transcription factors and are involved in the development of the nervous system affect life span in Drosophila melanogaster. The role of these genes in life span control was directly demonstrated by assessing effects of their mutations/reversions and tissue-spe- cific RNA-i knockdown and overexpression on life span and locomotion (a conventional marker of aging). Decreased life span was associated with reduced synaptic function, whereas elevated locomotion – with changes in microtubule network. A naturally oc- curring polymorphism in the regulatory regions of stc and Lim3 was associated with variation in life span. SNPs associated with life span variation were located in target sites of regulatory proteins, including global regulators of transcription; the functionality of SNPs was directly confirmed in experiments with cell culture and flies. Tissue-specific changes in stc and Lim3 transcription were associated with sex-specific changes in life span. Of interest, changing Lim3 or stc transcription exclusively in embryos affected lifespan of adult flies, indicating either epigenetic inheritance of some functional modi- fications or setting of some structural properties of the nervous system, which might lead to alterations of the adult life span. Changes in the expression level of transcription factors should lead to systemic changes in transcription of many primary and secondary target genes. Several primary Lim3 target genes specific for the nervous system were revealed. Secondary targets were associated with mitochondrial function and energy ho- meostasis, which indicates probable molecular mechanisms providing Lim3 impact on longevity. Conclusion: Systemic regulation of neuronal transcriptional networks is proposed as one of the mechanisms regulating life span. 264 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY SEARCH FOR GENE MUTATIONS THAT CAN POTENTIAL- LY AFFECT THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TUBERCULOSIS O.V. Saik 1 *, P.S. Demenkov 1 , E.U. Bragina 2 , M. Freidin 2 , A. El-Seedy 3 , R. Hofestaedt 4 , V.A. Ivanisenko 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Research Institute of Medical Genetics SB RAMS, Tomsk, Russia 3 Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt 4 Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany * Corresponding author: saik@bionet.nsc.ru Download 3.91 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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