International conference on bioinformatics of genome regulation
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Key words: maturity onset diabetes of the young, high-throughput sequencing Motivation and Aim: MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused in most cases by mutations in a gene encoding the carbohydrates metabolism [1]. MODY is characterized by the early beginning (up to 35 years). MODY increases the risk of wrong diagnosis and not effective treatment of hyperglycemia [2, 3]. Molecular-genetic diagnostics of this condition is an effective way of reducing of complication of diabetes in young population. Methods: 16 patients were selected based on the full clinical examination and biochemi- cal analysis (including C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, antibodies to b-cell). We se- lected targets for high-throughput sequencing HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, CEL, PAX4, INS, BLK, ABCC8 and KCNJ11. These genes were sequenced using the Ion Torrent PJM (Life Technologies) and verified using Sanger se- quencing (ABI PRISM 3500, Applied Biosystems). All exons, the intron-exon boundar- ies and the promoter region of these genes were examined. Human reference version is hg38. Free online protein structure prediction program PolyPhen-2 was used to predict mutational consequence of GCK, HNF1A, CEL and ABCC8 genes. Results: we found g.44189633T>C, g.44189037G>C, g.44198738G>A, p.Arg37Trp, p.Leu147Val, p.Gly258Cys, p.Trp257Term in the GCK gene (MODY2). We found p.Asn62Ser and p.Met412Val in the HNF1A (MODY3). In one patient we found p.Leu247Pro in the CEL gene (MODY8). In two patients we found p.Ala1457Thr in АВСС8 gene (MODY12). Conclusion: MODY2 diabetes was confirmed in 11 patients; MODY3, in 2 patients; MODY8, in 1 patient; MODY12, in 2 patients. The identification of a pathogenic MODY genes mutation is important for the correct and definite diagnosis of MODY and helps the clinician to predict the disease course and to initiate the appropriate therapy. Acknowledgements: the reported study was supported by RSCF, research project No. 14-15-00496. References: 1. Murphy R., Ellard S., Hattersley A.T. Clinical implication of a molecular genetic classification of monogenic β–cell diabetes. Nature Clinical Practice. 2008; 4 (4): 200-213. 2. Kuraeva T. L., Zilberman L. I., Titovich E. V., Peterkova V. A. Genetics of monegenic forms of diabetes mellitus. Sakharnyi diabet. 2011; 1: 20-28. 3. Dedov I.I. Novel technologies for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complica- tions. Sakharnyi diabet. 2013; (3): 2-10. 273 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY THE ROLE OF THE MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO IONIZING RADIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AGING AND LONGEVITY M.V. Shaposhnikov 1, 2 *, E.N. Proshkina 1, 2 , L.A. Shilova 1 , D.O. Peregudova 1 , S.O. Zhikrivetskaya 3 , A.A. Moskalev 1-4 * 1 Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia 2 Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia 3 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia * Corresponding author: mshaposhnikov@mail.ru, amoskalev@list.ru Key words: radioresistance, ionizing radiation, Drosophila melanogaster, aging, longevity Motivation and Aim: The ionizing radiation damages DNA and cellular macromolecules directly or via production of reactive oxygen species. A number of mechanisms protect cell from impact of ionizing radiation. The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of cellular stress-resistance mechanisms including DNA repair, DNA damage re- sponse, detoxification of free radicals, and heat shock response in Drosophila melano- gaster resistance to irradiation and longevity. Methods and Algorithms: We analyzed the effect of ionizing radiation on the level of expression of stress response genes, and the lifespan of wild-type Drosophila melano- gaster laboratory line. To elucidate the role of stress response genes in longevity we used mutant lines, that were defected in stress response genes, lines with overexpression of these genes, or flies in which stress signaling pathways were pharmacologically inhib- ited. Results: We found that radiation hormesis, radioadaptive response, and hyperradiosen- sitivity can be observed not only in cell cultures but also at the organism level of Dro- sophila melanogaster by integral indicators such as lifespan. We also showed that the reaction of an organism to irradiation is determined by cellular mechanisms of stress resistance (DNA repair, DNA damage response, detoxification of free radicals, and heat shock response). Conclusion: Thus, we investigated the roles of some components of cell stress signaling pathways in the lifespan alteration after the irradiation. We found that despite low-dose irradiation affects the level of genes expression predominantly stochastically, the muta- tions in stress response genes, pharmacological inhibition of their products or genes overexpression play crucial role in radioresistance and lifespan. Acknowledgements: The study was supported by grant of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences N15-4-4-23. 274 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PATTERNS AND MECHANISMS OF CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION INFERRED FROM PHYSICALLY MAPPED GENOME ASSEMBLIES I.V. Sharakhov 1, 3, 4 *, G.N. Artemov 4 , A. Peery 1 , X. Jiang 3 , A.B. Hall 3 , Z. Tu 2, 3 , A.N. Naumenko 1 , V.N. Stegniy 4 , M.V. Sharakhova 3 1 Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA 2 Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA 3 The PhD Program in Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA 4 Laboratory of Evolutionary Cytogenetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia * Corresponding author: igor@vt.edu Key words: inversions, chromosomes, rearrangements, genomes, evolution Motivation and Aim: Polymorphic inversions are highly non-uniformly distributed among chromosomal arms of malaria mosquitoes concentrating in just two autosomal arms. They are associated with ecological, behavioral and physiological adaptations of mosquitoes related to pathogen transmission. The recently sequenced and assembled genomes of 16 anophelines from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America allowed us to investigate the mechanisms and biological significance of chromosomal rearrangements. Methods and Algorithms: Using a combination of cytogenetic and bioinformatics ap- proaches we mapped the genomic scaffolds to chromosomes of Anopheles arabiensis, An. stephensi, An. funestus, An. atroparvus, and An. albimanus. We identified the ge- nomic coordinates for evolutionary breakpoints and conserved synteny blocks and es- timated the number of chromosomal inversions between An. gambiae and each of the species. Results: Our study found that contrary to polymorphic inversions, fixed rearrangement accumulated ~3 times faster on the X chromosome than on autosomes. The highest den- sities of TEs and satellites of different sizes have also been found on the X chromosome suggesting a mechanism for the rapid inversion generation. The high rate of X chromo- some rearrangements is in sharp contrast with the paucity of polymorphic inversions on the X in anophelines. Conclusion: The high density of fixed inversions and the relatively rare occurrence of polymorphic inversions on the X chromosome characterize chromosome evolution in malaria mosquitoes. This finding could be indicative of a greater role of the X chromo- some rearrangements in speciation of malaria mosquitoes. The development of high- resolution physical maps in combination with computational approaches identified con- trasting biological roles of inversions on the sex chromosome and autosomes. Acknowledgements: The work was funded by the grants from the National Institutes of Health AI099528 and the Russian Science Foundation № 15-14-20011. 275 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY GENOME AND CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION OF MOSQUITOES – VECTORS OF HUMAN DISEASES M.V. Sharakhova 1, 2 *, V.A. Timoshevskiy, A.N. Naumenko 1 , A. Peery 1 , G.N. Artemov 2 , V.N. Stegniy 2 , I.V. Sharakhov 1, 2 1 Virginia Polytechnic and State University and Fralin Life Science Institute, 360 West Campus Dr, Blacks- burg, USA 2 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia * Corresponding author: msharakh@vt.edu Key words: genome evolution, physical mapping, mosquitoes, vectors of human diseases Motivation and Aims: The knowledge about the genome structure and evolution in mos- quitoes may help to better understand their ability to transmit different pathogens. Initial genome studies demonstrated that two mosquito subfamilies Culicinae and Anophelinae have striking differences in their genome sizes related to the abundance of the transpos- able elements. However, chromosomal evolution and distribution of different repetitive elements in mosquito genomes remained largely unexplored because of the lack of de- tailed physical genome maps for most of the mosquito species. This study aims to better understand the genome and chromosome evolution in mosquitoes. Methods: In addition to An. gambiae, physical genome maps for 4 malaria mosquitoes An. atroparvus, An. albimanus, An. funestus and An. stephensi and vector of viruses Ae. aegypti were developed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genome analysis was performed using VectorBase [1], Repeatmasker [2], TEfam [3] and Tandem Repeat finder [4]. Results: The analysis revealed highly nonuniform rates of gene order reshuffling among the chromosomes. The X chromosome in malaria mosquitoes and sex-determining au- tosome 1 in Ae. aegypti, which is homologous to the X and 2R arm in An. gambiae, demonstrated significantly more breaks per megabase than the rest of the autosomes. We found a high abundance of simple tandem repeats in sex-determining chromosomes of mosquitoes suggesting their role in genomic plasticity. Our study also demonstrated that transposable elements (TEs) in Ae. aegypti do not follow the pattern in malaria mosqui- toes. The majority of the TEs in the malaria mosquito genome are distributed in hetero- chromatic areas around the centromeres. In contrast, TEs in Ae. aegypti chromosomes are mostly spread in euchromatic regions because of their tendency to localize in gene introns. A comparative genomic analysis of Ae. aegypti with An. gambiae determined that the previously proposed whole-arm synteny is not fully preserved; a number of peri- centric inversions have occurred between the two species. Conclusion: The research tools and information generated by this study contribute to a more complete understanding of the genome organization and evolution in mosquitoes. Availability: http://www.vectorbase.org http://www.repeatmasker.org/ http://tefam.biochem.vt.edu https://www.tandem.bu.edu/trf/trf.html 276 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY DISSECTING VARIANCE HETEROGENEITY IN HUMAN SERUM METABOLOME S.Zh. Sharapov 1, 2 *, Y.A. Tsepilov 1, 2 , J.S. Ried 3 , K. Strauch 3, 4 , C. Gieger 3 , Y.S. Aulchenko 1, 2 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environ- mental Health, Neuherberg, Germany 4 Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany * Corresponding author: sharapovsodbo@gmail.com Key words: Genome-Wide Association Study, Gene interactions, Variance heterogeneity Motivation and Aim: Significant difference in the trait variance between genotypes of particular locus indicates that this locus (usually called as vQTL) is potentially involved in interactions with unknown factors. Based on this assumption variance heterogeneity (VH) test was proposed to identify statistical genetic interactions in the framework of genome-wide association analysis. Identification of genetic interaction can expand our knowledge about genetic control of complex traits. Methods and Algorithms: Here we applied VH approach to detect genetic interactions in the control of human serum metabolome as a two-step strategy. We analyzed concen- trations of 151 human blood serum metabolites from KORA dataset (N=2,901). In the first step we conducted genome-wide VH test. In the second step we identified genetic interactions to find vQTL. All findings were replicated in TwinsUK dataset (N=843). Results: In the first step we found six significant vQTL effects and replicated three out of them on TwinsUK data. In the second step we found two intra-locus and two inter-locus genetic interactions. One intra-locus interaction was replicated. Further analysis showed that the biggest amount of variance heterogeneity of these vQTL was due to scale effect, which is typical for metabolome. Replicated intra-locus interaction was induced by an- other variant in same locus with recessive model of effect. Conclusion: We presented an application of variance-heterogeneity approach to detect epistatic interactions. Our findings indicate the presence of variance-heterogeneity in human serum metabolome. We conclude that variance-heterogeneity approach has mod- erate potential to find genetic interactions. Availability: In our study we used “GenABEL” and “VariABEL” packages, which are available from {{http://www.genabel.org}} 277 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENE ORDER AND CYTB EVOLUTION IN HYMENOPTERA AND OTHER INSECTS F.S. Sharko 1 *, A.V. Nedoluzhko 2 , S.M. Rastorguev 2 , A.A. Polilov 3 , K.G. Skryabin 1, 2, 3 , E.B. Prokhortchouk 1, 3 1 Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia 2 National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia 3 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia * Corresponding author: fedosic@gmail.com Key words: genome, mitochondrial, gene order, Megaphragma amalphitanum, Scydosella musawasensis, phylogenetic analysis Motivation and Aim: The modern insect genomes have accumulated a number of nucleo- tide substitutions during hundred millions years of evolution, which become a major challenge in phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, molecular evolution isn’t only single mu- tations, but it also depends on much bigger structural changes such as gene order rear- rangements, insertions, deletions and gene and ever genome duplications. Mitochondrial (Mt) DNA are considered absent of recombination and much faster rate of evolution than nuclear DNA, this molecule is becoming increasingly important for comprehensive evolutionary and population genomics. Development of modern deep sequencing tech- nologies leads to considerable progress in the study of evolutionary processes of plants, animals, fungus and etc. A large number of complete mitochondrial genomes are se- quenced, annotated and uploaded to different databases, but nevertheless phylogenomic analysis of these data has its own difficulties and pitfalls especially for arthropods that have a very long evolutionary history. Results: Here we report two mitochondrial genome: The mitochondrial genome of the smallest known free-living insect Scydosella musawasensis and the mitochondrial ge- nome of the parasitic wasp Megaphragma amalphitanum. Also we describe two types of phylogenetic analysis in several insect orders, using the nucleotide sequence of CYTB gene and the gene order in the mitochondrial genomes of Dipteria, Coleoptera Orthop- tera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. For this we have developed software, mitoSpider, that searches for specific gene sequences in mitochondrial genomes of the entire NCBI base. Phylogenetic trees which were constructed according to the mito- chondrial gene order of within the Hymenoptera and Heteroptera were largely congruent with those were constructed using the nucleotide sequence of CYTB gene, in contrast to Dipteria, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Lepidoptera. Conclusion: Our study of the mitochondrial genome Scydosella musawasensis revealed the absence of trnI gene in the mitochondrial genome, bioinformatics analysis carried out on complete mitochondrial genomes of insects which were deposited in the NCBI database for last years allowed to identify a significant number of insect species with uncommon mitochondrial DNA genes set. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 14-24-00175). 278 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY THE INFLUENCE OF SNP RS201381696 OF A TATA BOX IN THE HUMAN LEP GENE ON EXPRESSION OF REPORTER GENE LUC E.B. Sharypova 1 , E.V. Kashina 1 , O.V. Arkova 1, 2 , N.P. Bondar 1 , T.V. Arshinova 1 , P.M. Ponomarenko 3 , M.P. Ponomarenko 1 , L.K. Savinkova 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Vector-Best Inc., Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia 3 Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA Key words: gene expression, regulation, SNP, TATA-box An empirical and computational study of the interaction of ТВР with TATA boxes in promoters of reference human genes and with SNP-containing TATA boxes (that are associated with various diseases) allowed us to derive an equation of the equilibrial ТВР–ТАТА binding for analysis of unannotated SNPs of TATA boxes and for prediction of possible functionally important polymorphisms. The identified SNPs of TATA boxes with predicted influence on the affinity for ТВР were subjected to comprehensive em- pirical characterization by molecular biological, biochemical, and biophysical methods. For the first time, it was shown that polymorphisms of TATA boxes—in promoters of the genes associated with various human diseases—alter the ТВР–ТАТА affinity, which at the molecular level is characterized via a change in the velocity of formation and disinte- gration of ТВР–ТАТА complexes and a change in their half-life. For example, polymor- phism –24T→G in the TATA box of the TPI gene’s promoter (which is associated with an increased risk of neurological and muscular disorders and lowers the ТВР–ТАТА affinity 25-fold) lowers the formation velocity of the ТВР–ТАТА complexes 36-fold, increases the disintegration velocity 1.4-fold, and increases their half-life 1.4-fold. The correspondence between i) changes in the affinity of a transcription factor for an SNP- containing binding site in DNA, and ii) the influence of this SNP on the expression of a reporter gene, is not always observed. The results of our experiments revealed that SNP- 35A→G (rs201381696) [6] of the TATA box in the LEP promoter (this SNP lowers the ТВР–ТАТА affinity ~2.9-fold) also lowered the expression of reporter gene LUC more than twofold in the MCF-7 cell line (carcinoma of the human mammary gland epithe- lium), which is known to strongly express the LEP gene. In the culture of HCT116 colon adenocarcinoma cells (low activity of the LEP gene), no differences in the expression of the LUC gene were detected among the alleles. This work was supported by RFFI grant # 14-04-00485а, RNF # 14-24-00123, and pro- ject # 0324-2015-0003. 279 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY THE OCCURRENCE OF SPRING FORMS IN TETRAPLOID TIMOPHEEVI WHEATS IS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIATION IN THE FIRST INTRON OF VRN-A1 GENE A.B. Shcherban 1 *, A.A. Schischkina 2 , E.A. Salina 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia * Corresponding author: atos@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: allelic variation, vernalization, VRN-1 gene, promoter, first intron, tetraploid, diploid, Triticum, Aegilops Motivation and Aim: Triticum araraticum and Triticum timopheevii are the tetraploid species of Timopheevi group (GGAA genome), and the former includes both winter and spring forms with predominance of winter forms, whereas T. timopheevii is considered as spring species. In order to clarify the origin of spring growth habit in T. timopheevii, allelic variability of the VRN-1 gene was investigated in a set of accessions of the both tetraploid species, together with diploid species Ae. speltoides, presumable donor of the G- genome to these tetraploids.. Methods and Algorithms: The plant material included tetraploid wheat species T. ara- raticum and T. timopheevii (46 and 4 accessions, respectively), and 23 accessions of Ae. speltoides obtained from different collections. DNA was extracted from seedlings and PCR with preliminarily designed PCR primers was performed to detect the presence of dominant or recessive alleles of VRN-A1 and VRN-G1 loci. Amplified DNA fragments were directly sequenced and the obtained nucleotide sequences were analyzed using MEGA4 software package [1]. Results: 3 different alleles were identified with large mutations in the first (1st) intron of VRN-A1, namely, VRN-A1f-del, VRN-A1f-ins and VRN-A1f-del/ins. The first allele with a deletion of 2.7 kb in a central part of intron 1 occurred in a few accessions of T. araraticum and none accessions of T. timopheevii. The VRN-A1f-ins allele with inser- tion of a 0.4 kb MITE element about 0.4 kb upstream from the start of intron 1 and allele VRN-A1f-del/ins having this insertion coupled with the deletion of 2.7 kb are charac- teristic only for T. timopheevii. Allelic variation at the VRN-G1 locus includes insertion of a 0.2 kb MITE in the promoter (VRN-G1a) found in a few accessions of the both tetraploid species. Alleles VRN-A1f-del and VRN-G1a have no association with spring growth habit, while in all accessions of T. timopheevii this habit was associated with the dominant VRN-A1f-ins and VRN-A1f-del/ins alleles. The phenogram constructed on the base of the promoter VRN-1 sequences confirmed early divergence (~3.5 MYA) of the ancestor(s) of the B/G genomes from Ae. speltoides. Conclusion: Spring tetraploid T. timopheevii had a set of VRN-1 alleles both common for two tetraploid species (VRN-G1a), and specific (VRN-A1f-ins, VRN-A1f-del/ins). The latter alleles includes mutations in the 1st intron of VRN-A1 and shares a 0.4 kb MITE insertion near the start of intron 1. We suggested that this insertion resulted to spring growth habit in a progenitor of T. timopheevii and has probably been selected during domestication. References: 1. Tamura K. et al. (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Ver- sion 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1596-1599. 280 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY FREQUENCY OF GERMLINE MUTATIONS GENES CHEK, FANCL AND FANCI PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN L. Shigapova 1 *, E. Shagimardanova 1 , O. Gusev 1, 4 , A. Nikitin 2 , M.Gordiev 3 1 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia 2 Genetic Laboratory, Federal Research and Clinical Center, FMBA Russia 3 Molecular-diagnostic Laboratory, Kazan Cancer Centre, Russia 4 RIKEN, Yokohama City, Japan * Corresponding author: shi-leyla@yandex.ru Download 3.91 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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