International Economics
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Dominick-Salvatore-International-Economics
Problem Indicate how the nation of Figure 9.6 can reach production point B if external
diseconomies in the production of X make the nation produce at point F at the free trade price of P X /P Y = P W = 1. Salvatore c09.tex V2 - 10/26/2012 12:54 A.M. Page 295 Selected Bibliography 295 X Y 0 40 65 95 80 100 40 50 60 85 55 120 140 B F A E II' P F = 2 P W =1 III H' H '' II '' FIGURE 9.6. A Tariff vs. a Subsidy to Achieve a Domestic Goal. With free trade the nation produces at point B (40X and 120Y) and consumes at point E with P X / P Y = P W = 1. With a 100 percent import tariff on commodity X, P X / P Y = P F = 2 and the nation produces 65X (point F) and consumes at point H on indifference curve II (as in Figure 8.5). With a 100 percent subsidy on domestic producers of X, the price consumers pay remains P X / P Y = 1 (as under free trade) and the nation reaches indifference curve II (which is higher than II ). S E L E C T E D B I B L I O G R A P H Y For a problem-solving approach to nontariff trade restrictions and U.S. commercial policy, see: ■ D. Salvatore, Theory and Problems of International Eco- nomics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996), ch. 6. For a discussion of tariffs, quotas, and other nontariff barriers, see: ■ J. N. Bhagwati, “On the Equivalence of Tariffs and Quotas,” in R. E. Baldwin et al., eds., Trade, Growth and the Balance of Payments: Essays in Honor of Gottfried Haberler (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1965), pp. 53–67. ■ M. Michaely, Theory of Commercial Policy (Chicago: Uni- versity of Chicago Press, 1977). ■ W. E. Takacs, “Pressures for Protectionism: An Empirical Analysis,” Economic Inquiry, October 1981, pp. 687–693. ■ W. J. Eithier, “On Dumping,” Journal of Political Economy, June 1982, pp. 487–506. ■ J. N. Bhagwati, The Theory of Commercial Policy (Cam- bridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983). ■ W. M. Corden, “The Normative Theory of International Trade,” in R. W. Jones and P. B. Kenen, eds., Handbook of International Economics, Vol. I (New York: North-Holland, 1984), pp. 63–130. ■ W. M. Corden, Protection and Liberalization: A Review of Analytical Issues (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 1987). ■ D. Salvatore, “Import Penetration, Exchange Rates, and Pro- tectionism in the United States,” Journal of Policy Modeling, Spring 1987, pp. 125–141. ■ J. N. Bhagwati, Protectionism (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988). Salvatore c09.tex V2 - 10/26/2012 12:54 A.M. Page 296 296 Nontariff Trade Barriers and the New Protectionism ■ D. Salvatore, “A Model of Dumping and Protectionism in the United States,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv , December 1989, pp. 763–781. ■ D. Salvatore, “Recent Trends in U.S. Protectionism,” Open Economies Review , No. 3, 1992, pp. 307–322. ■ R. H. Clarida, “Dumping: in Theory and Practice,” in J. N. Bhagwati and R. E. Hudec, Fair Trade and Harmonization (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996), pp. 357–389. ■ B. Hindley and P. A. Messerlin, Antidumping Industrial Policy (Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1996). ■ T. Prusa, “On the Spread and Impact of Antidumping,” NBER Download 7.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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