Konspekt “to be”

6. become became become етишмоқ,бўлмоқ становиться
7. befall befell befallen рўй бермоқ, происходить,
юз бермоқ случаться
8. begin began begun бошламоқ начинать
9. behold beheld beheld кўрмоқ, сезмоқ увидеть,заметить
10. bite bit bitten тишламоқ кусать
11. bleed bled bled қонамоқ истекать кровью
12. blend blended blended аралаштирмоқ смешивать
13. blow blew blowen эсмоқ, дуть
14. break broke broken синдирмоқ ломать
15. breed bred bred (насл) етиштирмоқ разводить
16. bring brought brought олиб келмоқ приносить
17. build built built қурмоқ строить
18. burn burnt burnt ёнмоқ, гореть, жечь
19. burst burst burst юракни эзмоқ разрыватьс
20. buy bought bought сотиб олмоқ покупать
21. cast cast cast улоқтирмоқ бросать,кидать
22. catch caught caught тутмоқ ловить
23. choose chose chosen танламоқ выбирать
24. cling clung clung илинмоқ,чирмашмоқ цепляться
25. come came come келмоқ приходить
26. cost cost cost турмоқ(нархи) стоить
27. cut cut cut кесмоқ резать
28. dig dug dug қазимоқ копать
29. dive dived dived сувга шўнғимоқ нырять
30. do did done қилмоқ делать
31. draw drew drawn расм чизмоқ рисовать
32. drink drank drunk ичмоқ пить
33. dream dreamt dreamt туш кўрмоқ, видеть сны,
34. drive drove driven бошқармоқ (машина) водить
35. eat ate eaten овқатланмоқ есть, кушать
36. fall fell fallen йиқилмоқ падать
37. feed fed fed овқатлантирмоқ кормить
38. feel felt felt ҳис қилмоқ чувствовать
39. fight fought fought курашмоқ бороться
40. find found found топиб олмоқ находить
41. flee fled fled қочмоқ спасаться бег.
42. fling flung flung отмоқ кидать,бросать
43. fly flew flown учмоқ летать
44. forbid forbade forbidden таъқиқламоқ запрещать
45. forget forgot forgotten унутмоқ забывать
46. forgive forgave forgiven кечирмоқ прощать
47. forsake forsook forsaken тарк этмоқ покидать
48. forswear forswore forsworn қасамни бузмоқ нарушать
49. freeze froze frozen музламоқ замерзать
50. gainsay gainsaid gainsaid эътироз билдирмоқ противоречить
51. get got got олмоқ, получать,
52. give gave given бермоқ давать
53. go went gone бормоқ, юрмоқ идти, ходить
54. grow grew grown ўстирмоқ выращивать
55. hang hung hung осмоқ, вешать,
56. have had had эгалик қилмоқ иметь
57. heave heaved heaved (лангар) кўтармоқ поднимать hear
58. hide hid hidden беркитмоқ прятать
59. hit hit hit урмоқ(нишонга) поражать
60. hold held held ушламоқ держать
61. hurt hurt hurt лат емоқ повредить
62. keep kept kept сақламоқ держать,хранить
63. knit knitted knitted тўқимоқ вязать
64. know knew known билмоқ знать
65. lay laid laid қўймоқ класть
66. lead led led етакламоқ вести
67. learn learnt learnt ўрганмоқ, изучать
68. leave left left унутиб қолдирмоқ, оставлять,
69. lend lent lent қарз бермоқ одалживать
70. let let let ижозат этмоқ позволять
71. lie lay lain ётмоқ лежать
72. light lighted lighted ёқмоқ зажигать
73. lose lost lost йўқотмоқ терять
74. make made made бажармоқ делать,
75. mean meant meant (маъно) билдирмоқ означать,
76. meet met met учратмоқ встречать
77. mistake mistook mistaken янглишмоқ заблуждаться
78. pay paid paid тўламоқ платить
79. put put put қўймоқ класть
80. read read read ўқимоқ читать
81. ride rode ridden отда юрмоқ ездить верхом
82. ring rang rung қўнғироқ қилмоқ звонить
83. rise rose risen кўтарилмоқ подниматься
84. run ran run югурмоқ бежать
85. saw sawed sawn арраламоқ пилить
86. say said said айтмоқ сказать
87. see saw seen кўрмоқ видеть
88. seek sought sought қидирмоқ искать
89. sell sold sold сотмоқ продавать
90. send sent sent жўнатмоқ, юбормоқ посылать
91. set set set жойлаштирмоқ помещать
92. sew sewed sewn тикмоқ шить
93. shake shook shaken титратмоқ трясти
94. shine shone shone чақнамоқ сиять
95. shoe shod shod пойабзал кийгизмоқ обувать
96. shoot shot shot ўқ узмоқ стрелять
97. show showed shown кўрсатмоқ показыват
98. shut shut shut ёпмоқ закрывать
99. sing sang sung куйламоқ петь
100. sink sank sunk чўкмоқ тонуть
101. sit sat sat ўтирмоқ сидеть
102. slay slew slain ўлдирмоқ убивать
103. sleep slept slept ухламоқ спать
104. slide slid slid сирғанмоқ скользить
105. smell smelt smelt хид тарқатмоқ пахнуть,
106. speak spoke spoken гапирмоқ говорить
107. speed sped sped тезликни оширмоқ ускорять
108. spell spelt spelt сўзни ҳарфма-ҳарф сказать слово
109. spend spent spent ўтказмоқ (вақт) проводить,
110. spill spilt, spilt, тўкмоқ, проливать
111. split split split ёрмоқ раскалывать
112. spoil spoilt spoilt айнитмоқ, портить
113. spread spread spread тарқатмоқ распространять
114. spring sprang sprung сакрамоқ прыгать
115. stand stood stood турмоқ стоять
116. stave staved staved (касалликнинг) предотвратить
117. steal stole stolen ўғирламоқ красть
118. stick stuck stuck ёпиштирмоқ приклеивать
119. sting stung stung санчмоқ жалить
120. stink stank stunk сасимоқ вонять
121. strew strewed strewn сепмоқ посыпать
122. swear swore sworn қасам ичмоқ клясться
123. sweep swept swept супурмоқ мести
124. swell swelled swollen хўппаймоқ, пухнуть,
125. swim swam swum чўмилмоқ купаться
126. swing swung swung тебратмоқ качать
127. take took taken олмоқ брать, взять
128. teach taught taught ўқитмоқ обучать
129. tear tore torn йиртмоқ рвать
130. tell told told гапириб бермоқ рассказывать
131. think thought thought ўйламоқ думать
132. thrive thrived thrived муваффақият преуспевать
133. throw threw thrown отмоқ бросать
134. wake woke woken уйғотмоқ будить
135. wear wore worn кийим киймоқ носить
136. win won won ғалаба қозонмоқ побеждать
137. write wrote written ёзмоқ писать

THE PAST CONTINUOUS.

S + WAS/WERE + VERB 1 + ING.-DARAK SHAKLI.
WAS/WERE + S + VERB 1 + ING?-SO’ROQ SHAKLI.
S + WAS/WERE + NOT + VERB 1 + ING.-INKOR SHAKLI.

WE,YOU, THEY-WERE I,HE,SHE,IT-WAS

KEY WORDS: AT 7, AT NOON, AT MIDNIGHT, AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY, WHILE, WHEN, AS, (ALL+ VAQT), ALL MORNING/EVENING/DAY/ NIGHT.
ISHLATILISHI:

1. 
   O’tgan zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda bajarilgan ish-harakatni ko’rsatadi.
   

FOR EXAMPLE: At seven o’clock yesterday evening they were having dinner.

2. 
   O’tgan zamondagi vaqtinchalik ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.
   

FOR EXAMPLE: Greg was living in London at the time yesterday.

3. 
   O’tgan zamonda biror ish-harakat davom etib turgan boshqa bir ish-harakat sodir bo’lganligini ifodalash uchun Past simple va Past continuousdan foydalaniladi.
   

FOR EXAMPLE:
a)Asad phoned while we were having dinner.
b)It was raining when I got up.
4. Hikoyalardagi orqa fon(background) ma’lumotni berish uchun Past continuousdan foydalaniladi.
FOR EXAMPLE: The sun was shining and the birds were singing.Lisa opened the window and looked out.

PAST SIMPLE= SHORTER ACTION (INTERRUPTING ACTION)
PAST CONTINUOUS= LONGER ACTION.

5.Biz WHEN bog’lovchisidan perpendikulyar ish-harakatlarni bog’lash uchun ishlatamiz.
BUNDA:


FOR EXAMPLE: When Anvar came,we were cleaning the room.
6.WHILE bilan parallel (simultanios)ish-harakatlarni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi.
FOR EXAMPLE: She was talking on mobile phone while she was driving to work.

THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE.

S + HAVE/HAS(3 SHAXS BIRLIKDA)+ VERB 3. -DARAK SHAKLI.
HAVE/HAS + S + VERB 3? -SO’ROQ SHAKLI
S + HAVE/HAS+ NOT+VERB 3 - INKOR SHAKLI.
For example: 1) she has cleaned the room.
2)has she cleaned the room?
3) she has not cleaned the room.
Key words: for, since, before, after, still, recently, so far, already, just, the first time/the second time, once/twice/three times, up to now, by now, (this +vaqt)this morning, this week, in/for/during/ever+the past/last few days.
ISHLATILISHI:

1. 
   O’tgan zamonda noma’lum vaqtda bajarilgan va gapirilayotgan vaqtgacha tugagan ish-harakatni ko’rsatadi. Ish-harakatning bajarilgan vaqti berilmaydi. Bu vaqt muhim emas yoki noma’lum.
   

For example: The taylers have bought a new book.
2.Yaqin o’tgan zamonda bajarilgan natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatlar uchun.
For example: I am very happy. I have entered the university.
### Present continuous natija sifatida Present Perfect ga signal vazifasida kelishi mumkin.###
For example: 1.Tom has lost his wallet.He is looking for it now.
2.The taxi has not arrived. We’re still waiting for it.
3.Present Perfect bilan biror shaxsni hayoti davomida sodir bo’lgan, bajargan ish-harakatlarni ko’rsatadi. Bunda odatda ONCE/TWICE/THREE TIMES, SON+OT, A LOT signal so’zlari bilan nechta marta bajarganini THIS or IT IS THE FIRST/SECOND/THIRD TIME bilan nechanchi marotaba bajarayotganini NEVER bilan hech qachon bajarmaganini EVER/HOW MUCH/HOW MANY TIMES bilan esa necha marotaba bajarganini so’rashimiz mumkin.