Kutish nazariyasi va tenglik nazariyasi o'rtasidagi farq Muallif: Charles Brown Yaratilish Sanasi: 4 Fevral 2021 Yangilanish Sanasi

Kutish nazariyasi

Asosiy maqola: Kutish nazariyasi
Expectancy theory was proposed by Victor H. Vroom in 1964. Expectancy theory explains the behavior process in which an individual selects a behavior option over another, and why/how this decision is made in relation to their goal.
There's also an equation for this theory which goes as follows:
yoki
^[84]

• 
  M (Motivation) is the amount an individual will be motivated by the condition or environment they placed themselves in. Which is based on the following hence the equation.
  
• 
  E (Expectancy) is the person's perception that effort will result in performance. In other words, it's the person's assessment of how well and what kind of effort will relate to better performance.
  
• 
  I (Instrumentality) is the person's perception that performance will be rewarded or punished.
  
• 
  V (Valence) is the perceived amount of the reward or punishment that will result from the performance."^[84]
  

Keyinga qoldirish; kechiktirish

Ehtimolliklar nazariyasi matematik fan sifatida ro‘y berishi yoki ro‘y bermaganligi noaniq bo‘lgan voqealarning modellarini (voqealarning o‘zini emas) o‘rganadi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, ehtimolliklar nazariyasida shunday tajribalar modellarini o‘rganiladiki, bu tajribalarning natijalarini oldindan aniqlab bo‘lmaydi. Masalan, tanga tashlanganda uni gerb yoki raqam tomoni bilan tushishi, ob-havoni oldindan aytib berish, ishlab turgan agregatning yana qancha ishlashi, ommaviy ishlab chiqarilgan mahsulotning nosozlik qismi, elektr signallarini uzatishda halaqit beruvchi vaziyatlar yuzaga kelishi-bularning hammasini ehtimolliklar nazariyasining qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan predmetlar deb qaralishi mumkin. Ehtimolliklar nazariyasining qo‘llash yoki qo‘llash mumkinmasligi, o‘rganilayotgan tajriba uchun “stoхastik turg‘unlik” хossasi o‘rinli bo‘lishiga bog‘liq. Oхirgi tushuncha esa, o‘z navbatida, o‘rganilayotgan tajribaning bir хil sharoitda ko‘p marta kuzatish (o‘tkazish) imkoniyati bilan bog‘liq (sanab o‘tilgan misollarga e’tibor bering) kuzatish qiyin bo‘lgan tajribalarni esa ehtimolliklar nazariyasi yordamida deyarli o‘rganib bo‘lmaydi. Lekin, aytib o‘tilgan fikrlarni “stoхastik turg‘unlik” ning ta’rifi sifatida qabul qilib bo‘lmaydi. Aslida esa, bu tushunchaga ehtimolliklar nazariyasi fundamental natijalaridan biri-katta sonlar qonuni orqali kelish mumkin. Buning uchun quyidagi tushunchalarni keltirish bilan chegaralanib qolamiz.

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