Lecture 1 Language and linguistics Keywords

Self-control questions:
What is motor aphasia?
Speak about the causes of Motor Aphasia

LECTURE №4
The Spread of English
Keywords: Motor Aphasia, articulate, brain damage, machine, performing the motor, output aspects of speech, cause, effect, analyze, nervous system, scientific study, system, a well-travelled language.
How did English become global?' The answer is that the process began as soon as it arrived in England in the 5th century, having travelled from continental Europe. In this lecture, we're going to look at the impact that English as a global language has had on the world.
So, let's look at the spread of English. The language first came to England in the 5th century with the Angles and jutes. Between the 5th and 11th centuries, it made its way to Cornwall, Wales, Cumbria and the south of what is now Scotland. in these areas, English met the traditional Celtic languages. Many people from the English upper class also took the language to Scotland as they left England after the invasion of the Normans in 1066. English made its way to Ireland in the 12th century. From the 16th century on, England was emerging as an imperial nation and as the British Empire grew, so did the spread of English. So, English is a well-travelled language. On its way, it has developed through contact with other languages and cultures. English still has many grammatical similarities with German because of the shared roots of the two languages. After its arrival in England in the 5th century, it was influenced by the Celtic languages of Britain. It also took many words from the Vikings who invaded England before the Norman Conquest in 1066. The arrival of the Normans in the 11th century introduced French as the language of government and made a deep impact on the English language. From the 15th century onwards, words came into the language from Latin and Greek. Then a whole range of influences came with the British Empire. Today, in the 21st century, e-mail and word-processing software make it easy for the written language to travel great distances in very short spaces of time. British English is perhaps most influenced by American English. Many British people find this hard to accept. However, because of the power of the USA, the process is likely to continue.