Lecture 10. Typology of a word combination/phrase in english and native languages

As it is seen in the table above there are some differences in classifying and naming the word combinations in compared languages.

• In independent relation, words have equal independent meaning. On the contrary, in dependent relations words are divided into the head (kernel) element (word) and adjunct. In this kind of combinations, one of the words clarifies and fulfils another word.
• Word combinations with the head element are represented by word groups that form a grammatically organized structure with one element sub-ordinate to the other element.
• The subordinating element is called the head of the word combination. In the following examples, the head elements are underlined: green leaves, to type a letter, quite simple.

According to the head element word combinations have the following types in compared languages:

• English → noun-phrases – a cup of tea, verb-phrases – to run fast, to see a house, adjective phrases – good for you, adverbial phrases – so quickly, pronoun phrases – something strange, nothing to do.
• Russian → verb phrase – прыгать через верёвочку, бегал по двору, adverbial phrase – совсем близко, наедине с тобой, nominal phrase: substantial – красное пальто, стол с тумбочкой, adjective – почти серьёзный, полный сомнения, красный от натуги, pronoun - кто-нибудь из нас, я с товарищем, quantitative – один из нас, второй по порядку.

Uzbek→ verb phrase – вазифани бажармоқ, тез ўқиш, nominal phrase: noun phrase – кенг дала, adjective phrase – тухумдан кичик, quantitative phrase –одамларнинг бири, pronoun phrase – ўқувчиларнинг ҳаммаси.

• Uzbek→ verb phrase – вазифани бажармоқ, тез ўқиш, nominal phrase: noun phrase – кенг дала, adjective phrase – тухумдан кичик, quantitative phrase –одамларнинг бири, pronoun phrase – ўқувчиларнинг ҳаммаси.
• Types of dependent relation in Russian and Uzbek languages can be in three types: agreement, government, and adjoining (contact).
• Agreement is not often found in Modern English, but it is widely used in Modern Russian and Uzbek.
• The agreement is agreeing with the head word and dependent word in number and person (this room-these rooms, that room-those rooms, I have a book-he has a book).