Lecture 2 stages of development of linguistic typology plan

Yet there are no generally accepted criteria for timing the history of development of linguistics.

• Yet there are no generally accepted criteria for timing the history of development of linguistics.
• In "the Essays on the History of Linguistics" by Amirova T.A., Rojdestvenskiy Yu.V, Olkhovikov B.A." six periods are defined for the history of development of linguistics as a science. As all of them imply systemic comparison, this classification can be to a large extent applied to linguistic typology.

I. Theory of naming in Antique philosophy.

• It established the rules of naming in the frames of philosophy. It also looked at relations between the names and the ob­jects of reality. There were 2 main schools of philosophers who supported opposite standpoints (analogists and anomalists) on the nature of names, (motivated and non- motivated names). As the theory of naming did not contain a specialized knowledge on language it was not included into general linguistics;

II. The Antique Grammar traditions of West and East.

• Theory of grammar emerged at this time. It describes language system through establishing relations between linguistic names (and some other parts of language). At this period the basic pri­mary grammatical categories – parts of speech were distinguished and described: the names such as the noun (proper and common), the adjective; the numeral; the verb, the pronoun. Also some secondary grammatical categories, i.e. the categories of parts of speech were identified: the category of number, gender, case, mood, etc.

III. The Universal Grammar

• Reveals com­mon features of language structures basing on the comparison of languages with different typological structure.

IV. Comparative linguistics.

• That period falls into 3 stages: a) Comparative-His­torical linguistics dealing with the study of genetic similarities and relations of lan­guages; b) Comparative Typological linguistics dealing with language study and identifying language types irrespectively of their cultural historic origin; c) theory of linguistics which forms philosophy of language and serves the basis of General linguistics.