Lecture 2 stages of development of linguistic typology plan

3. The third period is related to development of comparative historical linguistics, genealogical and typological classification of languages, (mid- XIX c.).

4th period is related to establishing of Linguistic typology as a separate science with the bulk of General linguistics. It coincides with the XX century.

• 4th period is related to establishing of Linguistic typology as a separate science with the bulk of General linguistics. It coincides with the XX century.
• In the former Soviet Union the most developed and popular field of compara­tive study was comparison of Russian and national languages. The major material for comparison served numerous translations of Russian classics into national lan­guages.

2. THE MAJOR FACTORS FOSTERING DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY

• The science of linguistic comparison was developing quite slowly and a number of factors played an important role to foster that process.

I. The first factor is typological imitation. It is the use of certain methods or mod­els of one language while describing the system of another language. For example the first Latin grammar "De Lingua Latina" (117-27 BC) by Varron" was compiled with the use of the ancient Greek language grammars compiled by Greek philoso­phers. Varron distinguished six cases (5 in Latin), article and seven parts of speech.

• I. The first factor is typological imitation. It is the use of certain methods or mod­els of one language while describing the system of another language. For example the first Latin grammar "De Lingua Latina" (117-27 BC) by Varron" was compiled with the use of the ancient Greek language grammars compiled by Greek philoso­phers. Varron distinguished six cases (5 in Latin), article and seven parts of speech.
• The first English Grammars were later compiled on the model of "De Lingua Latina" where Latin served a meta or etalon language .

2. The second factor is the appearance of scientific comparative works. Language comparison started with comparison of two languages. Later there appeared multi language comparisons based on substantial similarity i.e. mainly genetically related languages or groups of languages were compared. The next stage was comparison of genetically non-related languages. Structural similarity is related to identity of structure and types of languages in the principles of their organization. Some lan­guages have both genetic and structural identity. Usually these are genetically re­lated languages.

• 2. The second factor is the appearance of scientific comparative works. Language comparison started with comparison of two languages. Later there appeared multi language comparisons based on substantial similarity i.e. mainly genetically related languages or groups of languages were compared. The next stage was comparison of genetically non-related languages. Structural similarity is related to identity of structure and types of languages in the principles of their organization. Some lan­guages have both genetic and structural identity. Usually these are genetically re­lated languages.