Lecture 3 Lexical-semantic problems of translation

It is important to analyse them in order to avoid misunderstanding in intercultural communication and translation. 

  The false friends» of translator is a pair of words in two languages are similar in spelling or pronunciation, often with a common origin, but differ in meaning.

Magazine журнал, but not магазин

Adjectives offer considerable difficulties in the process of translation, that is explained by the specific ability of English adjectives to combine. It does not always coincide with their combinability in Uzbek or Russian languages on account of differences in their semantic structure and valence. Frequently one and the same adjective in English combines with a number of nouns, while in Uzbek and in Russian different adjectives are used in combinations of this kind. For this reason it is not easy to translate English adjectives which are more capable of combining than their Uzbek and Russian equivalents. E.g. a bad mistake- купол хато - грубая ошибка a bad headache - сильная головная боль - каттик бош огриги a bad weather – ёмон об-хаво - плохая погода a bad debt - кайтарилмаган қарз - невозвращённый долг a bad accident – бахтсиз ходиса- тяжёлый / несчастный/ случай a bad wound - оғир яра - тяжёлая рана

TRANSLATION OF INTERNATIONAL WORDS The international words include words borrowed from other languages, words similar in spelling, writing and meaning: manager - менеджер Those words which have similar form and meaning in different languages are called international words. Some of them completely coincide in their meaning /such as football, diplomacy, artillery/ some of them partially. They may be different in their stylistic coloring Some of them have entirely different meaning: E.g. compositor – наборщик conductor – дирижёр,кондуктор

TRANSLATION OF NEOLOGISMS The English language is very rich in neologisms – the word have been created recently and perhaps will not live in the language for a long time. It is very seldom that we find equivalent for the translation of neologisms and for the most part we use descriptive translation and word-for-word translation. We usually make out the meaning of the new words with the help of the context, but it is also necessary to take into consideration the way of their formation. A great example is ‘webinar.’ This word comes from blending ‘web’ and ‘seminar’ to describe a seminar that takes place on the internet. This is a new concept that has never existed before the 21st century, so English speakers used what they already know to describe something new.