Lecture 3 Lexical-semantic problems of translation

RENDERING OF THE WORDS OF NATIONAL (LOCAL) COLOURING (REALIAES) National or local coloring is one of the main features of national peculiarities in literature. Here belong the following elements: - The world denoting things peculiar to the social and material life of the Nation. - Proper names, geographical denominations, names of streets, big shops, theatres. - The way of greetings, formulas of politeness (Hello, sir) - Linear measures, liquid measures, day measures (мера сыпучих тел).

There were some misconceptions about translating Uzbek classic literature, because of its complicated structure in national spirit. Aesthetic values or poetic truths in a poem are conveyed in word order and sounds, as well as in cognitive sense or logic.

There were some misconceptions about translating Uzbek classic literature, because of its complicated structure in national spirit. Aesthetic values or poetic truths in a poem are conveyed in word order and sounds, as well as in cognitive sense or logic.

Anyway, translation scientists in Uzbekistan succeeded in this duty. There is a fragment of translation Navoi’s rubai by translator K.Ma’murov:

Jondin seni ko’p sevarmen, ey umri aziz,

Sondin seni ko’p sevarmen, ey umri aziz,

Har neniki sevmak andin ortiq bo’lmas,

Andin seni ko’p sevarmen, ey umri aziz.

Then we can see translating:

I love you more than my soul, oh, my dear,

I love you more than all numbers, oh, my dear,

Loving anything cannot be more than that,

I love you much more than that, oh, my dear.

Lexical transformations. In order to attain equivalence, despite the differences in formal and semantic systems of two languages, the translator is obliged to do various linguistic transformations. Their tasks are to ensure that the text imparts all the knowledge inferred in the original text, without violating the rules of the language it is translated into. Barhudarov, in his turn, added some points to Retzcher’s classification, developing his own ideas of the Lexical Aspect of Translation. He suggests the following types of Adequate Substitutions (he calls them Lexical Transformations): · Lexical Substitutions · Antonymous Translation · Compensation · Addition · Omission The following three types are considered to be the most suitable for describing all kinds of lexical transformations: 1. Supplementation (Addition) 2. Omission (dropping). 3. Equivalence in translation