Lecture 9 Theme: mudle lexical stylistic devices the plan

Lecture 9
Theme: MUDLE 4. LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES


The plan
The Structural changes of Stylistic Devices:
Oxymoron, its peculiarities and features
Antonomasia, its peculiarities and features
Zeugma and Pun their peculiarities and features
Simile
Paraphrase,
Litotes,
Gradation,
Antithesis.
Allusion.
The meaning of Represented speech and its matter and peculiarity.


Problems: to characterize the interaction of dictionary and contextual meanings of words; to define the semantic structure and functions of lexical stylistic devices: metaphor, metonymy, irony; to characterize the interaction of primary and derivative logical meanings and give the definition of the stylistic devices zeugma and pun based on it; to describe the stylistic devices epithet, interjections and oxymoron.
Glossary: metaphor, to be embodied, degree of expressiveness, metonymy, trite, genuine, stylistic function, association, essential feature, proximity, irony, simultaneous realization, opposition, to decode, to convey a positive (negative) meaning, sarcasm, polysemy, zeugma, pun, interjections, symbols of human emotions, primary, derivative, epithet, interplay, compound epithets, oxymoron.


Oxymoron is a stylistic device consisting of two contradictory words (notions) which are combined. For example: Chopin’s beautiful sorrows, the mighty harmony of Beethoven, a pleasantly ugly face, a faithful traitor, low skyscraper, sweet sorrow, horribly beautiful, busy idleness, a generous miser. ( In Uzbek: ёш қарилик, аччиқ шакар, саратондаги момақалдироқ). The oxymoron reveals the contradictory sides of one and the same phenomenon. One of its components discloses some objectively existing features or quality, while the other one serves to convey the author’s personal attitude towards the same object. If the primary meaning of the qualifying word changes or weakens, the stylistic effect of oxymoron is lost. This is the case with what were once oxymoronic combinations, as for example: awfully nice, awfully glad, terribly sorry and the like, where the words “ awfully”, “terribly” have lost their primary logical meaning and are now used with emotive meaning, only as intensifiers.
Sometimes the tendency to use oxymoron is the mark of certain literary trends and tastes. There are poets in search of new shades of meaning in existing words, who make a point of joining together words of contradictory meaning. “ Two ordinary words may become almost new”, writes V.V.Vinogradov, “ if they are joined for the first time or used in an unexpected context”. Thus “ peopled desert”, “ populous solitude” ( Byron) are oxymoronic. Not every combination of words should be regarded as oxymoron, because new meanings developed in new combinations do not necessarily give rise to opposition. An oxymoron always exposes the author’s subjective attitude. In such cases two opposite ideas very naturally repulse each other, so that a once created oxymoron is practically never repeated in different contexts and so does not become trite, always remaining a free combination.
Oxymoron may serve to denote a permanent feature of a notion. For example: 1. It was with an almost cruel joy. 2. Suddenly she felt the need to speak. The wordy silence troubled her. It was relief to be on board and no longer alone together. ( D. Gamett).
The stylistic effect is based on the fact that the denotational meaning of the attribute is not entirely lost: It’s awfully nice of you, I’m terribly glad…The same may be traced in Russian and Karakalpak: Живой труп (Л Толстой), радостная печаль(В Г Короленко), ненавидящая любовь (А С Пушкин)
1. Люблю я пышное приры увяданье (А С Пушкин)
2. О как мучительно тобою счастлив я (А С Пушкин)
3. Но красоты их безобразной я скоро таинство постиг (М Ю Лермонтов)
4. Убогая роскошь народа (Некрасов)
5.С наглой скромностью смотрит в глаза (А Блок)
6.Смотри ей весело грустить такой нарядно обнаженной (А Ахматова)
7.Мама! Ваш сын прекрасно болен! (В Маяковский)
8.Пришла пора всезнающих невежд (В Высоцкий)
В названиях произведений: «Оптимистическая трагедия» (В Вишневский), «Живой труп»
1. Өли жанлар, тири өлик, әжаиып бахытсыз, бакты караман (Кунхожа)
2 Бирақ дықкқты кем жас бала Улкен бий көзлеринен шыккан ашшы куаныш жасын көрмеди. (Т. Каиыпбергенов).
Oxymoron as a rule has the following structural models: adjective + noun, adverb + adjective.