Leonid Zhmud The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity

J
ews
– as inventors of science and philos-
ophy, 5, 8, 14, 299, 307
Josephus Flavius, 5, 8, 299, 307
K
idenas, 307
L
asus of Hermione, 49, 195
Leodamas, 92–94, 182–184, 205, 210,
260, 262, 270. (
see also Plato)
Leon, 91, 94, 95, 100, 115, 149, 178,
182, 184, 193, 197, 206, 210, 270
Leon of Byzantium, 139
Leucippus, 153–55, 157, 160–63, 238
Linus, 9, 49
Lucretius, 51
Lycurgus, 66
M
achaon, 51
Macrobius, 171
Mamercus, 148, 178, 182, 194, 260,
270
Mandrocles of Samos, 29
Marinus, 295
mathe¯matikoi, 20, 86, 104, 132, 231,
236, 250, 262, 289–90, 293, 296–97
Matricetas, 253, 270
mechanics, 12, 18, 20, 47, 74, 84, 88,
114, 119, 121, 129, 176. (
see also
mathe¯mata)
medicine
– doxography of, 127–29, 144–45,
296
– history of, 6, 7, 285, 300–1
– in Herodotus, 39
– method, 56–57, 67–69
– origin of, 57–58, 298–99
– theory of, 54–57
Melissus, 145, 152–54, 156, 159–61,
163, 238
Menaechmus, 95, 99–100, 170,
178–79, 181–82, 185, 208, 210, 228,
234–35, 238, 280, 284, 291–92
– astronomy, 234
– conic sections, 208. (
see also dupli-
cation of the cube)
Menaechmus the philosopher, 99
Menecrates, 164
Menelaus, 120, 237, 284, 292, 302, 305
Menestor, 145, 158
Menestratus, 270
Meno, 14, 109, 119, 122, 126, 128, 135,
141, 144–45, 147, 153, 161,
164–66, 258, 277, 278
–
Medical Collection, 15, 126,
133–34. (
see also doxography,
Theophrastus)
Metagenes, 30, 191
Meton, 19, 63, 132, 229, 237–38, 244,
252–53, 260–62, 266, 270–71, 276,
281, 297, 305–6
– astronomy, 267–70
Metrodorus, 145–46, 160–63, 238
Mnaseas, 298
Moses, 8, 307
Musaeus, 26, 49, 51, 269
Myonides, 174
N
aburianus, 307
Naucrates, 280
Nauteles, 270

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General index
328
Neanthes of Cyzicus, 89, 293
Neoclides, 94, 178, 182, 184, 206, 270
Newton, 2, 21, 252
Nicagoras, 143
Nicomachus of Gerasa, 72, 173–74,
189–90, 215, 222–23, 292, 302, 305
Nicomedes, 291
Nicon, 306
Nicoteles, 280
Nile’s floods
– problem of, 132, 141, 143–44, 153,
157, 262, 280
O
enopides of Chios, 19, 64, 143,
148–49, 161, 169–70, 179, 182, 191,
229, 235, 238, 251, 253–54, 269–70,
296, 304, 306
– astronomy, 171, 235, 253, 260–67
– geometry, 200–1
Oenopides the Stoic, 178–79, 209, 260
Onomacritus, 261
optics, 12, 18, 20, 88, 103, 114, 119–21,
129, 216, 277. (
see also mathe¯mata)
optimism, epistemological, 58–60,
68–69, 303
Oribasius, 301
Orpheus, 9, 26, 49, 108, 130–31, 152,
226, 306
P
alamedes, 25–26, 28, 33, 37, 108, 151,
225–26, 298
Pamphila, 197
Pappus, 4, 15, 84, 148–49, 167, 169,
172–74, 179, 186, 189–90, 208,
236–37, 281, 292–93, 302, 305,
307–8
Parmenides, 76, 127, 146, 150, 152–63,
230, 238, 254–56, 261, 265–66
Paul of Aegina, 301
Periander, 35
Perseus, 291–92
Petron, 164
Phaeinos, 253, 270
Phanias of Eresus, 139, 293
Pheidon, 25, 28, 151
Pherecydes, 35, 130–31, 243, 261, 307,
308
Philip of Macedon, 183
Philip of Opus, 14, 43, 59, 73, 88, 91,
99, 102, 113–15, 129, 168, 170, 185,
209, 211, 215, 227, 247, 270, 281,
296
– alleged author of the Academic treat-
ise, 88–89
– and
Catalogue of geometers, 89–91,
179–83
– astronomy, 102–3
– chronology, 183
– on the origin of culture, 112–13
Philistion, 128, 144, 164
Philo of Alexandria, 8, 288
Philo of Byzantium, 67, 279, 282
Philodemus, 87–92, 100, 106, 112,
114–15, 167, 180–82, 188, 205, 212
Philolaus, 62, 64, 104, 109–110, 113,
128, 133, 145–46, 163–64, 174, 195,
220, 222–24, 238, 246, 253, 257–59,
261, 267, 270–71
Philonides, 280, 287
Philoponus, 120, 230, 300, 303
Phoenicians, 13, 40–42, 187, 211, 227,
239, 298–99
Photius, 144
Phrynichus, 267
Pindar, 27, 28, 33
Plato, 11, 20, 36, 38, 40, 45–46, 48, 52,
65–66, 68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 94–95,
99–100, 103–4, 109–16, 118, 121,
127–28, 130, 133, 143, 146, 150,
152, 154, 164, 168, 170, 172–75,
180–81, 186–87, 190, 202, 205–6,
211–12, 214–15, 222–23, 226–27,
230–32, 238, 244, 264, 266, 269,
273, 276, 286, 289–91, 296, 299,
307–08
– and Archytas, 71, 93, 105–7, 110,
118, 181
– and Dicaearchus, 89, 104, 139
– and Eudemus, 169
– and Eudoxus, 86–87, 91, 96–98,
107, 118
– and Leodamas, 92–93
– and Theaetetus, 94
– as methodologist of science, 82–89,
90, 104–8, 279

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General index
329
– astronomy, 86–87, 256–57, 259,
261, 270–73
– classification of sciences, 61,
109–10, 125
– duplication of the cube, 5, 84–86,
106, 207
– history of science, 109
– in
Catalogue of geometers, 91–92,
179–83
– in doxography, 156–64
– mathematical education, 63, 72, 75,
100–2
– mathematics, 82–83, 100–1
–
pro¯toi heuretai, 109, 224–26, 227
– theory of science, 14, 109–11, 117,
127
– utility of
mathe¯mata, 73
Pliny the Elder, 5–6, 30, 60, 249
Plutarch, 40, 84–85, 87–88, 99, 106,
126, 176, 200, 225, 244, 275, 294
Podalirius, 51
Polemarchus, 99, 228, 229, 231–33,
238, 271, 284
Polyaenus, 284, 287
Polybius, 294
Polybus, 129, 164, 296
Polyclitus, 50
Porphyry, 16, 92, 147, 167, 174, 186,
188–89, 206, 214–17, 235–36, 283,
292, 295, 298
– and
Catalogue of geometers, 91,
186–88
Posidonius, 35, 60, 132, 185, 189, 230,
262–63, 269, 275, 291–92, 305
– and
Vetusta placita, 295–96
– geography, 279
– on mathematics, 179, 185, 209
– on science and philosophy, 288–90
Praxiphanes, 139, 147
Proclus, 16, 48, 70, 72–73, 91–93,
99–101, 103–4, 149, 167, 177, 182,
184, 186–88, 192, 200, 203, 208,
209, 228–30, 235–36, 267, 283,
291–92, 295
– as a source for Eudemus, 169–71,
175, 229, 256, 257
– as a source for Geminus, 178, 292
–
Catalogue of geometers, 89–90, 179,
181, 183–84, 188–90, 212
– commentary on Euclid, 5, 15, 186,
193, 199
–
pro¯toi heuretai, 49
Prodicus, 36, 38
progress
– idea of, 16–18, 78–79
– in Aristotle, 70, 120–21, 210
– in as-Samaw’al, 302–3
– in Dicaearchus, 139–40
– in Eudemus, 152, 210–13, 248,
251–52
– in Isocrates, 77–80
– in Seneca, 60
– in the Academic treatise, 87–88, 114
– in
VM, 58–60
– in Xenophanes, 267–70
Prometheus, 26, 33, 36–37, 43, 65, 151,
298
Protagoras, 36, 45–46, 49–50, 54, 62,
81, 108–9
pro¯toi heuretai, 12, 13, 23–44, 48, 80,
176, 249, 283, 298
– in Aeschylus, 36–37
– in Aristotle, 137, 157
– in Eudemus, 149–53, 175, 177, 239,
246, 248, 250, 263, 268
– in Geminus, 291
– in Glaucus, 49, 195
– in Herodotus, 38–41
– in Plato, 109, 224–26
– in Theophrastus, 161, 256
– in
VM, 58
– origin of concept, 29–34
– secondary sacralization of, 37–38,
225–26. (
see also heurematography)
Ps.-Epicharmus, 38, 113
Ps.-Galen, 161, 261, 299–300
Ps.-Hero, 235–36
Ps.-Plutarch, 49–50, 157, 261
Ptolemy, 2–4, 48, 72, 86, 106, 118, 120,
215–17, 238, 252, 256, 263–64, 268,
284, 289, 293, 302, 305, 308
–
Harmonics, 214, 216
– in Byzantium, 306–8
– on science and philosophy, 118

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General index
330
Pythagoras, 11, 19, 41, 148–49, 156,
161, 163, 171–73, 181–83, 187, 190,
194–95, 202, 210, 226, 238, 242–43,
249, 251, 254, 261, 266, 291, 293,
298–99, 305, 307–8
– arithmetic, 219–20
– astronomy, 260, 261, 265
– discoveries, 35, 150, 161
– geometry, 196–97
– harmonics, 112, 196, 216
–
mathe¯mata, 64, 74, 196
– means, 173–74, 189, 194
– number philosophy, 220–21
– school, 284. (
see also regular solids)
Pythagoreans, 75, 93, 94, 102, 104–6,
110, 145, 148, 149–50, 152, 154–57,
160, 162, 169, 172–74, 179, 181,
185, 188–89, 201–2, 205, 212,
218–20, 228–31, 235, 238, 248, 253,
257, 260, 291, 295–97
– arithmetic, 214–18, 221–24
– astronomy, 87, 246, 257–60,
265–67, 271–72, 290, 297
– geometry, 108, 170, 194–200, 203
– harmonics, 129, 214–18, 274
– irrationals, 94, 172, 190
–
mathe¯mata, 37, 63–64, 121. (see
also regular solids)
Pytheas, 281
Pythion of Thasos, 280