Lexis meaning ‘word, phrase’ (hence lexicos ‘having to do with words’) and logos

Word-formation – branch of L. which studies the derivative structure of existing ws and the patterns on which the K. builds new ws.
Word-Formation is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns.
Means of word formation:
I. main/major/patterned means
1. word derivation (словопроизводство): affixation, conversion (N>V)
2. word composition/compounding (словосложение)
a trouser suit – брючной костюм (new consept)
II. secondary/minor/non-patterned means
1. sound interchange (man-men, live-life) Historical means
2. stress interchange (‘input – to in’put, ‘progress – to pro’gress)
3. Back-formation (it is still used) – against the logics of the language/ but not against the logics of life.
peas>pea
a babysitter > to baby-sit (logically V > N)
4. Shortening/ abbreviation (lab, exam, Euratom, V-day)
5. Artificial creation of ws (trade marks are made)
nylon
adidas (Adi Dassler)


3. To develop new meanings, creation of a new meaning (semantic extension/semantic derivation – семантическая деривация)
Two opposite processes take place: enrichment of the vocabulary and words die or become bookish.
Webster dictionary: 6000new words, among them 7,5% - borrowings, the majority – derived words.
The number of sound combinations that human speech organs can produce is limited. Therefore at a certain stage of language development the production of new words by morphological means becomes limited, and polysemy becomes increasingly important in providing the means for enriching the vocabulary. From this, it should be clear that the process of enriching the vocabulary does not consist merely in adding new words to it, but, also, in the constant development of polysemy.
It should be noted that the wealth of expressive resources of a language largely depends on the degree to which polysemy has developed in the language.
Semantic extension of words already available in the language is a powerful
source of qualitative growth and development of the vocabulary though it does not necessarily add to its numerical growth; it is only the split of polysemy that results in the appearance of new vocabulary units thus increasing the number of words.
7) The complex units of word-building system. Word-building cluster, row, category.

Word-building is one of the main ways of enriching vocabulary.

By word-building are understood processes of producing new words from the resources of this particular language.