Linguistic Typology as a subject

Linguistic Typology as a subject

PLAN

• 1. LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY.
• 2. BASIC TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC COMPARISON.
• 3. BRANCHES OF GENERAL TYPOLOGY.
• 4. NON-LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY.
• 5. THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY.
• 6. DEFINITION OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY.
• 7. THE SYSTEMS OF VOWEL PHONEMES OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK.
• 8. THE SYSTEMS OF CONSONANT PHONEMES IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.
• 9. PARTS OF SPEECH IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.

1. LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY

• Typology as a method of scientific study is characteristic to many fields of sci­entific knowledge because the taxonomic description, classification and systemic comparison of various objects are universal methods of cognition and apply to both non-linguistic and linguistic sciences. Taxonomy is a science studying theory of clas­sification and systemizing.

2. BASIC TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC COMPARISON

• There are 2 types of scientific comparison:
• a) substantial, and b) non-substantial.
• Substantial comparison deals with comparison of real objects materializing substances, e.g. sounds, digits, numbers, etc.
• Non-substantial comparison deals with comparison of systems and their ele­ments (e.g. phonemes, morphemes).

At the early stages of development of typology as a science the major role be­longed to substantial comparison which is considered primary. Yuri Rojdenstvenskiy' wrote that "...in General linguistics the relations between language systems base on substantial features. The languages were considered cognate because the linguists found principal similarity in their substance: sound and content".

• At the early stages of development of typology as a science the major role be­longed to substantial comparison which is considered primary. Yuri Rojdenstvenskiy' wrote that "...in General linguistics the relations between language systems base on substantial features. The languages were considered cognate because the linguists found principal similarity in their substance: sound and content".
• Non-substantial comparison played a significant role in shaping typology as an independent science.