Linguistic Typology as a subject

THE SYSTEMS OF VOWEL PHONEMES OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK

• From the acoustic point of view vowels are speech sounds of pure musical tone. From the point of view of articulation vowels are speech sounds in the production of which there are no noise producing obstructions.
• The channels formed in the-mouth cavity for vowel production by moving a cer­tain part of the tongue and keeping the lips in a certain position cannot be regarded as obstructions. They change the shape and volume of the resonance chamber, and in this way, help to achieve the tembre (or quality) of voice, characteristic of the vowel in question.

In modern English we distinguish 21 vowel phonemes:

• 10 monophthongs
• 9 diphthongs
• 2 diphthongized vowels
• The main principles of classifying the vowel phonemes are as follows: a) ac­cording to the part (place of articulation or horizontal movement) of the tongue; b) according to the height (vertical movement) of the lungs; c) according to the posi­tion of lips; d) according to quality (length) of vowels.

8. THE SYSTEMS OF CONSONANT' PHONEMES IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

• Consonants are speech sounds in the pronunciation of which noise is heard. The degrees of noise are different There are consonants in the production of which only noise is heard, there are consonants in the production of which noise and voice are heard and there are consonants in the production of which voice prevails over noise, but the fact is that noise in different degrees and forms is always present Consonants do not give periodic voice waves.

The consonants should be classified by the following principles;

• The manner of production
• The active organs employed in the production
• The place of production
• The last division is very important as in accordance with it the parricidal differ­ence in the formation of consonants in English and of consonants in Uzbek may be clearly shown. The system of English consonants consists of 24 consonants.
• The system of Uzbek consonant phonemes consists of 25 phonemes.
• Some of the English consonants like [ ] have no counterparts in Uzbek. There are also some Uzbek consonants which do not exist in the system of the English consonant phonemes. They: are [k, x, f].