Linux: The Ultimate Guide

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Linux 
• Tab: A clickable area at the top of a window that shows another page 
or location.
• Toolbar: The Button Bar, usually near the app window’s top, controls 
software operations.
• Window: A rectangular section of a computer display that shows the 
operating system.
The GUI uses icons, windows, and menus to execute commands, such as 
opening, deleting, and moving files. Although the GUI operating system 
is navigated using the mouse, the keyboard shortcuts or arrow keys can 
also be used.
For example, if you want to open an application on the GUI system, 
you can move the mouse pointer to the system icon and double-click it. 
With the command-line interface (CLI), you will need to know the com-
mands to go to the program’s directory, enter the list of files, and then 
use the file.
Benefits of GUI
A GUI is considered more user-friendly than a text-based CLI, such as 
MS-DOS, or the shell of operating systems like Unix. Unlike command-
line or CUI operating systems, such as Unix or MS-DOS, GUI operating 
systems are easy to read and use because commands do not need to be 
memorized. Furthermore, users do not need to know programming lan-
guages. Thanks to its ease of use and modern appearance, GUI operating 
systems dominate today’s market.
Command-Line Interface
CLI is a command-line program that accepts inputs to perform a par-
ticular function. Any application that you can use via commands in the 
terminal falls into this category. CLI is an old way of working with apps 
and applications and is used to perform specific tasks that users need. 
CLI is a text-based visual interface, unlike the GUI, which uses graph-
ics options that allow the user to interact with the system and apps. CLI 
allows the user to perform tasks by entering commands. Its operating sys-
tem is straightforward but not easy to use. Users enter a command, press 
“Enter,” and wait for a response. After receiving the command, CLI cor-
rectly evaluates it and displays the output/effect on the same screen. The 
command-line interpreter is used for this purpose.

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GNOME Desktop Environment 
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CLI is introduced with a telephone typewriter. This system was based 
on batch processing. Modern computers support CLI, batch process-
ing, and a single-interface GUI. To make good use of CLI, the user must 
enter a set of commands (one by one) immediately. Many applications 
(mono-processing systems) still use CLI on their operators. In addition, 
programming languages like Forth, Python, and BASIC provide CLI. The 
command-line translator is used to use a text-based interface.
Another feature of CLI is the command line used as a sequence of char-
acters used in the user interface (UI) or shell. Command information is 
used to inform users that CLI is ready to accept orders. MS-DOS is an 
example of CLI.
Terminal User Interface
TUI is also known as a Text-based User Interface. You have text on the 
screen because they are used only in the terminal. These applications are 
not well-known to many users, but there are a bunch of them. Terminal-
based web browsers are an excellent example of TUI programs. Terminal-
based games also fall into this category. Text User Interface (also known 
as written user interaction or terminal user interaction) is a text-based 
user. TUIs differ from command-line communication in that, like GUIs, 
they use all of the screen space and do not provide line-by-line output. 
However, TUIs use only the text and symbols found in the standard text 
terminal, while GUIs typically use high-definition image terminals.
GNOME
GNOME is an open-source movement, part of the GNU project and free 
software. It is similar to the Windows desktop system that works on UNIX 
and UNIX-like systems. It is not dependent on any other window man-
ager. The current version runs on Linux, FreeBSD, IRIX, and Solaris.
The GNOME project provides two things:
1. The GNOME desktop environment, a built-in and attractive desktop 
for users.
2. The GNOME development platform, a comprehensive framework 
for building applications that integrates into the rest of the desktop.
So GNOME is a software that helps users and experts to develop a desktop 
and software that can be used for GNU.

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Linux 
Ubuntu GNOME Remix
Ubuntu GNOME is called GNOME Remix. It is a Linux distribution 
distributed as an open-source and free software. It is used as a GNOME 
3 desktop environment instead of the Unity graphical shell with the 
GNOME shell. It became a “flavor” of the Ubuntu OS, starting with the 
13.04 version and was announced in April 2007 as 17.04. Starting with its 
17.10 version, the distribution was canceled in the standard Ubuntu favor, 
which changed from devoting Unity to GNOME Shell because of its desk-
top environment. But it is no longer supported.
What Is GNOME GNU?
In 1984, the GNU project was established to develop a complete Unix-like 
operating system with free software, i.e., the GNU system.
GNU kernel is not complete, so GNU is used with Linux. GNU and 
Linux are combined with the GNU/Linux operating system, now used by 
millions.
GNU stands for “GNU, Not Unix.” It means that it is an independent 
system that uses Linux kernel and provides an open-source operating sys-
tem to users.
What Is Ubuntu GNOME in Linux?
Linux is a free Unix-type operating system initially designed by Linus 
Torvalds with other developers around the world. It was developed under 
the GNU, which is a General Public License (GPL). The source code for the 
Linux distro is freely available to everyone over the Internet.
The last GNOME 3 version in its latest iteration is currently one of the 
most popular desktop environments used by almost every major Linux 
distro. It offers a modern desktop that delivers an intuitive user experience 
for all users – programmers and non-programmers alike.
The above lines indicate that it is an operating system used under GNU 
General Public License and provides various distros as open source for 
users. You can use these Linux distributions on the system as your pri-
mary operating system:
• Debian
• Fedora
• Manjaro

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GNOME Desktop Environment 
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• openSUSE
• Solus
More about GNOME-Based Linux Distributions
GNOME3 is the default desktop environment on various major Linux 
distributions, including openSUSE, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, SUSE Linux 
Enterprise, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Pop!_OS, Oracle Linux, 
Endless OS, and Tails, as well as Solaris, a Unix operating system. The 
continued fork of the last GNOME 2 release, called MATE, defaults on 
many Linux distros that target low usage of system resources.
It is available for installing the Linux/GNU distributions. Several dis-
tributions provide the opportunity to try their demo before we install it. 
Some of them are explained below.
What Is openSUSE?
It is an origin of the original SUSE Linux distribution and a commu-
nity-based distribution in contrast to SUSE Linux Enterprise. The SUSE 
company is still an influential sponsor of openSUSE. The relationship is 
similar to Fedora, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The project 
uses a gecko logo to show the relationship between SUSE and openSUSE.
It is available in two flavors: the rolling-release Tumbleweed and the 
stable Leap. The latter is the same as Arch Linux as it is more of a “bleed-
ing-edge” distribution with new software. You can install openSUSE as an 
old Linux system, but it is also available in the Windows Store for WSL. It 
may be neglected compared to other major Linux distributions, but it has 
a unique set of features and a code base with a wealthy estate.
openSUSE also gives you access to vanilla GNOME. But unlike Fedora, 
it follows a much slower release schedule. You won’t get access to all the 
latest GNOME features as soon as they are released. However, this isn’t 
technically a bad thing. It can dedicate more time and effort to make the 
OS more stable and reliable by having a slow release cycle. It makes it a 
perfect fit for professionals who can’t afford to have their system crash in 
the middle of a meaningful work.
Now, openSUSE is distributed under two release models: Leap and 
Tumbleweed.
Each major version is released every three years, whereas point releases 
or minor updates are released annually with Leap. Depending on how 
often you want to upgrade your system, you should pick the flavor.

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Linux 
The openSUSE project offers two distributions.
1. Tumbleweed, which is a rolling distribution.
2. Leap, which is a point distribution.