Listening audioscript

Example Question 4, Listening Passage B, Page 272 
[ mp3 113]
 
Now listen to a lecture on this topic in a business class. 
(Professor)
Let’s look at a couple of cases to see the equity theory in action. We’ll 
talk about this theory in terms of an imaginary employee. Let’s call him 
Bill. In the first case, a coworker of Bill’s, named Sally has the same job 
title as Bill and does the same amount of work. She makes a little less 
money, but she has more flexible hours. She can leave work earlier or 
come in later if she needs to, whereas Bill is paid a little extra to be 
available during certain set hours. He can’t come and go like Sally can. 
Oh, and they have similar offices. In this situation, Bill will feel satisfied 
with his job if he values the extra money more than the flexibility of work 
hours. That’s because, in his opinion, he receives equal or better return 
for his contribution than Sally does. According to the equity theory, Sally 
will also feel satisfied if she values the flexible hours more than the extra 
money. Even though she does the same amount of work as Bill, or 
makes the same contribution, she knows that her schedule is much more 
flexible than Bill’s. Sally is satisfied because the return for her 
contribution is more valuable to her than her coworker, Bill’s would be. 
The second case is different. In the second case, a coworker of Bill’s, 
named Tom, has the same job title and set hours and does the same 
amount of work as Bill. But Tom makes less money, and has a smaller 
office than Bill. So, in this case, Tom will not feel satisfied because he 
receives a lower return for his contribution than his coworker, Bill does. 
Speaking Exercise 10 
Number 1, Page 274
[ mp3 114] 
Now listen to a lecture on this topic in a geology class. 
(Professor)
OK, two hotspots will be familiar to you if you know anything about the 
geography of the United States. The first one is the Hawaiian island 
chain. As the Pacific plate moves to the northwest, the underlying 
hotspot stays in the same place. The hotspot causes a volcano to form 
on the ocean floor, which eventually emerges from the ocean and over a 
long period of time, builds up an island, for example, the big island of 
Hawaii, whose volcano is still active. Now, as the plate moves away from 

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the hotspot, the volcano it created dies out and the island breaks down 
due to erosion, eventually being consumed by the sea. This progression 
of eroding islands can be seen on the smaller islands of Hawaii, which 
are remnants of long-gone volcanoes. And to the northwest, under the 
sea, there is a chain of mountains in the Hawaiian waters. Meanwhile, a 
new volcanic island is forming to the southeast over the location of a new 
hotspot. 
We can also see evidence of previous volcanoes and a currently active 
one in the middle of the North American plate. Yellowstone National Park 
sits atop a hotspot that is responsible for the geothermal activity there. 
Underneath the park, a massive volcano, more than 30 miles wide, 
powers the geysers that shoot hot water and steam high up into the air 
and other such features that make the park so fantastic. To the south 
and west of the park, we find evidence of a series of gigantic craters from 
previous eruptions of super-volcanoes, indicating that the plate is sliding 
over the hotspot in a northeasterly direction. Even now we can measure 
the slow rise of land in the park as the hotspot below builds up to what 
will eventually be a massive eruption of the super-volcano underneath 
the park.