M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd

f)
Predictions :
Once we know the underlying principles, we can predict situations. We 
can easily tell what can happen in the given situation if we know the rules. 
These predictions, in a way, verify the vitality and utility of the research work.
g)
Generalization :
This is the last step in the linguistic analysis. From specific rules or 
principles we move towards general rules.
Generally speaking, these are the stages followed in any scientific 
experiment. However, as we stated above, Linguistics is also a science as it 
follows all the steps of scientific research.
Check your progress - II 
I. 
Answer the following questions in one word, phrase or sentence 
each.
1) 
Which is the first step in linguistic enquiry?

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2) 
Which are the two forms of expression?
3) 
State different means of data collection? 
4) 
When do we get rules and principles?
II. 
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words/ expression.
1) 
__________ is the primary source of data collection.
2) 
Linguistics analyses language for discovering __________________.
3) 
Identification of linguistic problem may be _________________.
4) 
_________ is the last stage in linguistic enquiry.
Subject Matter - III 
1.5 Scope of Linguistics 
Linguistics is the scientific study of system of language. The major 
focus of linguistics is ‘grammar’ and different aspects of linguistics are 
phonology, morphology, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, semantics and 
pragmatics. ‘Phonetics is the study of articulation, transmission and reception 
of speech sounds’ (Verma&Krishnaswamy, p.27) while Phonology describes 
systems and patterns of sounds.Morphology is the study of words. Semantics 
is the study of meaning while pragmatics is the study of meaning in the 
context. Graphology undertakes study of system of writing while lexicology 
studies lexical items.

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Linguistics has direct connections with many other fields of enquiry 
such as anthropology, psychology, philosophy, literary criticism, sociology, 
history, geography and may other branches of knowledge. The modern 
technological developments also have made use of concepts from linguistics. 
Generally speaking, linguistics encompasses every branch of knowledge in 
one sense or the other. Linguists have developed different branches of 
knowledge depending on their area of interest. Let’s study a few.