Mavzu: pulning xalqaro munosabatlardagi xarakati

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro`yhati

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  Abdullayeva Z.SH “Pul va pul tizimi”, T:”O`zbekiston”2019
  
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  “Banklar va bank faoliyati to`g`risida”gi O`zbekiston Respublikasi qonuni (yangi tahriri) O`RQ-580 05.11.2019
  
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  “O`zbekiston Respublikasining Markaziy banki to`g`risida” O`zbekiston Respublikasining Qonuni (yangi tahrir) O`RQ-582-son, 11.11.2019
  
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  O`zbekiston Respublikasining Farmoni: “2020-2025-yillarga mo`ljallangan O`zbekiston Respublikasining bank tizimini isloh qilish strategiyasi to`g`risida” PF-5992 12.05.2020
  
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Internet saytlari.
1.www.stat.uz – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Davlat statistika qo‘mitasining rasmiy sayti.
2.www.uza.uz – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy Axborot Agentligi rasmiy sayti.
3.www.ceep.uz – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Iqtisodiyot vazirligi huzuridagi Samarali iqtisodiy siyosat markazi rasmiy sayti.
4.www.internetindicators.com – Iqtisodiy indikatorlar Internet veb-sayti.
5.www.uzreport.com – SAIPRO konsalting kompaniyasiga tegishli, O'zbekiston va butun dunyodagi biznes tizim va iste`molchilarga axborot yetkazib berishga mo'ljallangan integratsiyalashgan internet loyiha.
6.www.uzsecurities.com – O'zbekiston Respublikasining Qimmatli qog'ozlar bozori haqida axborot beruvchi rasmiy sayti.
7.www.uzexport.com - O'zbekiston Respublikasining mamlakat eksport salohiyati haqida axborot beruvchi rasmiy sayti.

Tarjima ishi
THE ACT OF MONEY IN INTERNATIONAL ATTITUDES
Money attitude scale Researchers (e.g., Furnham, Wilson, & Telford, 2012; Tang, 1995;Yamauchi & Templer, 1982) have proposed different money attitudesthat identify an individual's underlying motives toward money. Sev-eral scales have been developed. For instance, Yamauchi and Templer(1982) developed the Money Attitude Scale (MAS) that distinguishesfour motives for saving and spending: Power (i.e., money may help indi-viduals achieve power, status, and control through their purchases),Retention-time (i.e., money may help individuals budget appropri-ately to meet future financial needs such as retirement), Distrust (i.e.,money may help individuals approach situations involving money cau-tiously by being sensitive to the cost of goods and service), and Anxi-ety (i.e., money may cause anxiety because of fears associated with nothaving enough money).Researchers have demonstrated an association between moneyattitudes and compulsive buying. For example, Roberts and Jones(2001) reported that three of the money attitudes posited byYamauchi and Templer (1982)—Power, Distrust, and Anxiety—arerelated to compulsive buying. Spinella, Lester, and Yang (2014) repli-cated Roberts and Jones’ (2001) findings and also reported that com-pulsive buyers, in comparison to noncompulsive buyers, are more likelyto hold credit card debt but less likely to have a savings account.Clearly, compulsive buyers seem to have different motives toward sav-ing and spending when compared to noncompulsive buyers. What,then, might explain the causes for these different motives? Furnham(1984) and Kirkcaldy and Furnham (1993) argued that moneyattitudesare shaped by social and cultural factors (e.g., parental income, parent-ing practices, money habits, and socioeconomic class) that are acquiredearly in life and reinforced over the lifespan. In other words, the moneyattitudes of compulsive buyers may have been influenced more heav-ily by consumption symbolism, social motives, and materialism that isprevalent in Western societies, while the money attitudes of noncom-pulsive buyers have not been influenced to such a degree.1.3.2 Money Ethics ScaleTang (1992) developed the Money Ethics Scale (MES) to assess mone
In an effort to further expand understanding of factors that explainvar-
ious facets of compulsive buying, the authors examined how motives
for saving and spending money, ethical meaning ascribed to money,
pain of paying, and global life satisfaction predicted compulsive buy-
ing. This is important because compulsive buying impacts a significant
portion of the population (i.e., 5–16%; Maraz et al., 2016), and for com-
pulsive buyers, the inability to control their purchasing has significant
and sometimes severe consequences that can result in debt or inter-
personal problems (Christenson et al., 1994).
Although prior research has examined money attitudes and global
life satisfaction with compulsive buying, much of the extant research
is limited (i.e., conducted among university students) and is dated. The
current study used data the authors gathered from a Prolific Academic
sample of U.S. citizens between the ages 18 and 25, who were not col-
lege students in which money attitudes (i.e., motives for saving and
spending money, ethical meaning ascribed to money, and pain of pay-
ing) and global life satisfaction along with compulsive buying propen-
sity were assessed to develop and test the following hypotheses.
1.6 Hypotheses
1.6.1 Motives for saving and spending money
As noted previously, researchers (e.g., Roberts & Jones, 2001; Sp