Measuring student knowledge and skills
Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills
Download 0.68 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
measuring students\' knowledge
Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills
32 OECD 1999 Further examples of questions characteristic of this aspect include inferring meaning from context, identifying a particular character’s motive or intention and identifying cause and its effect. d) Reflecting on the content of a text Reflecting on the content of a text requires that the reader connects information found in a text to knowledge from other sources. Readers must also assess the claims made in the text against their own knowledge of the world. In many situations, readers must know how to justify and maintain their own point of view. To do so, readers must be able to develop an understanding of what is said and intended in a text, and must test that mental representation against what they know and believe on the basis of either prior information, or information found in other texts. Readers must call on supporting evidence from within the text and contrast that with other sources of information, using both general and specific knowledge, and the ability to reason abstractly. This aspect of comprehension requires a high level of metacognitive ability. Readers must monitor their own thinking and reaction to a text while testing potential mental models. To meet the demands of this type of task, relevant information must be called on and arranged in a coherent fashion. Assessment tasks representative of this category of processing would include providing evidence or arguments from outside the text, assessing the relevance of particular pieces of information or evidence, or drawing comparisons with moral or aesthetic rules (standards). The student might be asked to offer or identify alternative pieces of information that might strengthen an author’s argument or to evaluate the sufficiency of the evidence or information provided in the text. The outside knowledge to which textual information is to be connected may come from the student’s own knowledge, from other texts provided in the assessment or from ideas explicitly provided in the question. e) Reflecting on the form of a text Tasks in this category require readers to stand apart from the text, consider it objectively, and eval- uate its quality and appropriateness. These tasks include critical evaluation, and appreciation of the impact of such textual features as irony, humour and logical organisation. This aspect includes the ability to ferret out bias and to recognise instances of subtle persuasive nuance. Knowledge of such things as text structure, genre and register play an important role in these tasks. These features, which form the basis of an author’s craft, figure strongly in understanding standards inher- ent in tasks of this nature. Evaluating how successful an author is in portraying some characteristics or per- suading a reader depends not only on substantive knowledge but also on the ability to detect nuances in language – for example, understanding when the choice of an adjective might colour interpretation. In-depth processing of this nature calls for such activities as reasoning, critical analysis, explanation of whether the author conveys meaning adequately, distinguishing of fact from opinion, etc. The reader is expected to select important units in the text, to integrate secondary units and to argue a position. Some examples of assessment tasks characteristic of reflecting on the form of a text include deter- mining the utility of a particular text for a specified purpose and evaluating an author’s use of particular textual features in accomplishing a particular goal. The student may also be called upon to identify or comment on the author’s use of style and what the author’s purpose and attitude are. • Micro aspects In applying the five aspects in which students will be asked to demonstrate their proficiency, three process variables can be considered that are drawn from reading and literacy research conducted in other international surveys (IEA/RLS and IALS). These variables are: the type of information requested, the type of match between the information given and that requested, and the plausibility of distracting infor- mation. The paragraphs that follow set out the general properties of each of these three characteristics, and considerations affecting the format in which questions are to be answered, and how these answers are to be marked. |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling