Measuring student knowledge and skills


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measuring students\' knowledge

Reading Literacy
35
OECD 1999
Assessment structure
In this section, the distribution of the reading literacy assessment tasks between the various situa-
tions, text formats, aspects and item types is described.
One obvious way to distribute the reading literacy tasks in the assessment is to do so evenly across
the four situations (Table 3). However, the occupational situation will be given less weight for two reasons.
First, it is important to reduce the potential dependence on specific occupational knowledge that can
result when occupational texts are selected. Second, it is expected that the same types of questions and
directives can be constructed from the other situations, in which 15-year-old students may have better
access to the content.
The distribution and variety of texts that students are asked to read for OECD/PISA is an important
characteristic of the assessment. Tables 4 and 5 show the recommended distributions of continuous and
non-continuous texts. It can readily be seen that continuous texts are expected to represent about
two-thirds of the texts contained in the assessment. Within this category, the largest percentage should
come from expository materials (33 per cent) while the smallest percentage should represent injunctive
texts (7 per cent). The remaining types of continuous texts should be evenly distributed at about 20 per
cent each. Non-continuous texts are expected to represent about one-third of the texts in the reading lit-
eracy assessment. The overwhelming majority (66 per cent) will be either tables or charts and graphs. The
remaining non-continuous texts will be maps, advertisements, and forms that 15-year-olds are expected
to be able to read and use. It is important to keep in mind that these percentages are targets for the main
assessment and not for the field trial. The selection of texts for the field trial and then for the main assess-
ment will not be determined solely on structural characteristics, such as format and text type. Consider-
ation will also be given to cultural diversity, range of difficulty across texts, potential interest to students
and authenticity.
Table 6 shows the recommended distribution of reading literacy tasks by each of the five aspects
defined above. The largest single percentage of tasks represents developing an interpretation with
slightly more than two-thirds of the tasks covering the first three aspects (70 per cent). Each of these three
Table 3.

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