Measuring student knowledge and skills
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measuring students\' knowledge
Reading Literacy
35 OECD 1999 Assessment structure In this section, the distribution of the reading literacy assessment tasks between the various situa- tions, text formats, aspects and item types is described. One obvious way to distribute the reading literacy tasks in the assessment is to do so evenly across the four situations (Table 3). However, the occupational situation will be given less weight for two reasons. First, it is important to reduce the potential dependence on specific occupational knowledge that can result when occupational texts are selected. Second, it is expected that the same types of questions and directives can be constructed from the other situations, in which 15-year-old students may have better access to the content. The distribution and variety of texts that students are asked to read for OECD/PISA is an important characteristic of the assessment. Tables 4 and 5 show the recommended distributions of continuous and non-continuous texts. It can readily be seen that continuous texts are expected to represent about two-thirds of the texts contained in the assessment. Within this category, the largest percentage should come from expository materials (33 per cent) while the smallest percentage should represent injunctive texts (7 per cent). The remaining types of continuous texts should be evenly distributed at about 20 per cent each. Non-continuous texts are expected to represent about one-third of the texts in the reading lit- eracy assessment. The overwhelming majority (66 per cent) will be either tables or charts and graphs. The remaining non-continuous texts will be maps, advertisements, and forms that 15-year-olds are expected to be able to read and use. It is important to keep in mind that these percentages are targets for the main assessment and not for the field trial. The selection of texts for the field trial and then for the main assess- ment will not be determined solely on structural characteristics, such as format and text type. Consider- ation will also be given to cultural diversity, range of difficulty across texts, potential interest to students and authenticity. Table 6 shows the recommended distribution of reading literacy tasks by each of the five aspects defined above. The largest single percentage of tasks represents developing an interpretation with slightly more than two-thirds of the tasks covering the first three aspects (70 per cent). Each of these three Table 3. Download 0.68 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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