Measuring student knowledge and skills
Organisation of the domain
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measuring students\' knowledge
Organisation of the domain
For the purposes of OECD/PISA, it is useful to identify a number of aspects of mathematical literacy. For OECD/PISA two major aspects and two minor aspects are used to organise the domain. The major aspects are: – mathematical competencies; and – mathematical big ideas. The minor aspects are: – mathematical curricular strands; and – situations and contexts. The major aspects are used for the purpose of describing the scope of the assessment and for describing proficiency. The minor aspects are used to ensure adequate coverage of the domain and bal- ance in the range of assessment tasks selected. It is important to point out that these four aspects should not be combined to form a single classifi- cation scheme. Two of the aspects, “mathematical big ideas” and “mathematical curricular strands”, are alternative schemes for describing mathematical content. Mathematical competencies are general skills and competencies such as problem solving, the use of mathematical language and mathematical modelling. Mathematical big ideas represent clusters of relevant, connected mathematical concepts that appear in real situations and contexts. Some of these big ideas are well established, such as chance, change and growth, dependency and relationships and shape. “Big ideas” are chosen because they do not result in the artificial approach of separating mathematics into different topics. The aspect mathematical curricular strands represents the content of school mathematics as imple- mented in many school curricula. For OECD/PISA, number, measurement, estimation, algebra, functions, geometry, probability, statistics, and discrete mathematics are used. The mathematical curricular strands are identified as a minor aspect in OECD/PISA to ensure that the traditional curricular strands are adequately covered in the assessment. However, the actual selection of content for inclusion in OECD/PISA is driven by the more important and broader mathematical big ideas aspect. The second minor aspect refers to situations, i.e. the settings in which the mathematical problems are presented. Examples are educational, occupational, public and personal settings. The following provides a more detailed description of the four aspects. |
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