Mechanisms for digital transformation of intelligent transport systems

Mechanisms for digital transformation of intelligent transport systems

Akhmedova Nozima
Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
[e-mail]

Abstract— In this article described mechanisms for digital transformation of transport systems. In particular, cloud technologies, Distributed ledger technology, blockchain technologies, Big Data technology, Internet of Things, Augmented and virtual reality technologies, Technologies of artificial intelligence, Additive technologies were considered in which they were used for an intelligent transport system.
Keywords— intelligent transport systems, cloud technologies, distributed ledger technology, blockchain technologies, Big Data, Internet of Things, augmented and virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence, additive technology.

1. Introduction

The intensive development of information and communication technologies determines the variety of digital transformation tools that provide data analytics and provide an opportunity to comprehensively address issues of effective development of the digital ecosystem.

2. Main part

Cloud technologies (Cloud technology), providing the ability to provide the user with convenient and prompt access to a whole set of computer resources and capacities via the Internet, including various kinds of servers, storage systems, services and applications, the use of which implies the possibility of releasing them from the load without the participation of the provider and significant operating costs. Thus, cloud technologies make it possible to transfer functions to Internet servers for processing and storing data from personal computers, which allows organizing instant remote access of any level from anywhere in the world and device to information resources, radically changing existing business models and increasing efficiency and business efficiency.
The development of cloud technologies is currently going at a very fast pace. According to the forecasts of the consulting company McKinsey, the total economic effect from the introduction of cloud technologies by 2025 will be estimated annually in the amount of 1.7 to 6.2 trillion. USD.
Currently, cloud market products are most in demand in the segments of Internet services, retail, banking and telecommunications. Cloud computing also has a high growth potential in the transport industry, since it allows solving the problems of optimizing and managing traffic flows, creating automated systems for planning and modeling transport routes, including urban public transport in large metropolitan areas.
At the same time, it should be noted the possibility of numerous problems when using cloud computing associated with threats to confidentiality and reliability of information storage, as well as the development of destructive processes as a result of the spread of malicious software or software containing significant errors, which requires the implementation of appropriate protective measures aimed at reducing these risks [1].
Distributed ledger technology (DLT), which allow organizing, storing and exchanging data shared by all participants in the trusted environment, each of which has a full copy of the data registry and access to the entire transaction history. At the same time, the reliability and security of information is ensured by cryptographic protection using special keys and an electronic signature, which allows you to control the actions of all participants. Distributed registry technologies provide synchronization of data registry copies based on the agreement (consensus) of participants to add new information, as well as reliable data protection from possible changes, partial or complete deletion.
Depending on the access modes and options for agreements between participants during transaction validation, several types of distributed registries are distinguished:
- open - access to participation is not limited, there is no full identification, the possibility of validating transactions is provided to all participants (for example, cryptocurrency networks);
- closed - access to participation is limited in accordance with established membership criteria, identification of participants is provided, persons responsible for validating transactions are established (for example, private distributed registries);
- mixed (hybrid) - combines the properties of open and closed types of distributed registries.
One of the most common distributed ledger technologies is the blockchain technology, which is a sequential chain of data blocks containing information, built according to certain rules, when each new block is built into a chain of chronologically and cryptographically linked blocks. Thus, blockchain technology provides reliable storage of the entire data chain in the absence of centralized control.
The founder of the Institute for Blockchain Studies, M. Swan, identified three main areas that can fundamentally change under the influence of this technology:
- blockchain 1.0 - currency (performing financial transactions using cryptocurrency);
- blockchain 2.0 - contracts (various applications that work with financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, futures, as well as the so-called "smart" assets and contracts, etc.);
- Blockchain 3.0 - applications for non-financial markets and transactions, primarily in the field of public services, healthcare, education and science. [49].
Thus, blockchain technology, due to its reliability, transparency and efficiency of use, has a high development potential and is an important component of the emerging digital economy. According to a survey conducted in 2015 as part of the International Economic Forum, by 2027, 10% of global GDP can be stored in blockchain technologies [2].
In the field of transport systems, the main areas for using distributed ledger technologies are:
- storage of information about the operation and repairs of vehicles, replaceable spare parts;
- supply chain management, ensuring their transparency and improving the efficiency of operations;
- ensuring the availability of smart contracts ("smart" contracts), which provide for the implementation of a mechanism for the programmed and consistent fulfillment of the clauses and conditions of contracts;
- support of loyalty programs by providing monitoring and analysis of actions performed within the framework of relevant programs.
However, despite the high importance of these technologies in the development of the digital economy, their large-scale application is hampered by the lack of common standards and standard design solutions, as well as technical limitations associated with the need to ensure sufficient network bandwidth and the ability to integrate with existing systems built on the basis of other technologies [2].