Discriminate, distinguish
To identify the difference between two or more things, e.g. sound discrimination is hearing the differences between
sounds, particularly minimal pairs, e.g. not/lot ; ship/sheep.
Distract
To prevent someone from concentrating on doing something. For example, talking to someone when they are trying
to read a book.
Dominate
verb,
dominant
adjective
To have a very strong influence over what happens. If a particular learner is dominant in class, then other learners
get less chance to participate actively. If a teacher dominates, the lesson is teacher-centred.
Draft
noun
+
verb
A draft is a piece of writing that is not yet finished, and may be changed.
A writer drafts a piece of writing. That is,
they write it for the first time but not exactly as it will be when it is finished. See re-draft, process writing.
Drill
A technique teachers use for encouraging learners to practise language. It involves guided repetition or practice.
In a choral drill the teacher says a word or sentence and the learners repeat it together as a class.
In an individual drill the teacher says a word or sentence and one learner repeats it.
In a substitution drill the teacher provides a sentence and a different word or phrase which the learner must
use (or substitute) in exactly the same structure, e.g.
Teacher:
I bought a book. Pen.
Learner:
I bought a pen.
In a transformation drill the teacher says a word or a sentence and the learner answers by changing the
sentence into a new grammatical structure, e.g.
Teacher:
I bought a pen. Didn’t
Learner:
I didn’t buy a pen.
Teacher:
I went to the cinema. Didn’t
Learner:
I didn’t go to the cinema.
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