Microsoft Word Glossary March 2011 doc

 
 
Discriminate, distinguish 
To identify the difference between two or more things, e.g. sound discrimination is hearing the differences between 
sounds, particularly minimal pairs, e.g. not/lot ; ship/sheep. 
 
Distract 
To prevent someone from concentrating on doing something. For example, talking to someone when they are trying 
to read a book. 
 
Dominate 
verb, 
dominant
 adjective 
To have a very strong influence over what happens. If a particular learner is dominant in class, then other learners 
get less chance to participate actively. If a teacher dominates, the lesson is teacher-centred.
 
Draft 
noun
+
verb 
A draft is a piece of writing that is not yet finished, and may be changed. 
 
A writer drafts a piece of writing. That is, 
they write it for the first time but not exactly as it will be when it is finished. See re-draft, process writing. 
 
 
Drill 
A technique teachers use for encouraging learners to practise language. It involves guided repetition or practice.
In a choral drill the teacher says a word or sentence and the learners repeat it together as a class. 
In an individual drill the teacher says a word or sentence and one learner repeats it. 
In a substitution drill the teacher provides a sentence and a different word or phrase which the learner must 
use (or substitute) in exactly the same structure, e.g. 
Teacher: 
I bought a book. Pen. 
Learner:
I bought a pen. 
In a transformation drill the teacher says a word or a sentence and the learner answers by changing the 
sentence into a new grammatical structure, e.g. 
Teacher: 
I bought a pen. Didn’t
Learner:
I didn’t buy a pen. 
Teacher: 
I went to the cinema. Didn’t
Learner:
I didn’t go to the cinema.