Microsoft Word stilistika O'UM. doc

 
Colloquial layer of the vocabulary 
Common colloquial words. The essential part of these words constitutes 
common neutral vocabulary which is in everyday usage and is the part of standard 
English. Colloquial words may be divided into several large groups: 1. words which 
change their phonetic form, 2. words which change their form and meaning, 3. words 
which change their meaning in certain contexts. Among the first group of the most 
widely spread are the shortened word- combinations: s’long- so long , s’right- that’s 
right, lemme- let me, gimme- give me, kina- kind of, gonna- going to, im- him, ‘kew- 
thank you, dunno- don’t know. 
Sometimes certain syllables may be omitted: ‘cos- because or the letter “h” is 
very often omitted: ‘ave- have, eaven- heaven; some sounds may change: gals- girls, 
aue fella- old fellow. Special 
attention should be paid to the children’s speech in which we have a lot of contracted 
forms of words: doc-doctor, telly- television, biguns- big ones, words with diminutive 
suffixes: milkie- milk, bunny- rabbit, titter- sister etc.
In the second group we have such words as: tenner- ten-pound note or the 
coinage of new meanings in the following word – combinations: back number- out- 
of – date or old fashioned method, thing, person, strap- hanger – standing passenger 
in a bus ,train.
The following words constitute the third group of colloquial vocabulary. E.g. I 
like his get up- I like his way and manner.

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Slang. Some linguists consider that slang is the kernel of colloquial speech. 
The definition of slang is divertive but still by slang we mean words which are used 
to create fresh names for some things. Sometimes slang words are vulgar and cynical. 
The most important point is that by slang we mean informal words and expressions. 
There are following slang words for money : beans, lolly, brass, dibs, dough, clink, 
off, wads; for head-attic, brainpan, hat, peg-nut, upper storey. 
We distinguish teenagers slang, university slang, public school slang, prison 
slang etc. Slang used in colloquial speech has great expressive force. For example, 
the word “drag” used as slang denotes everything that is dull, uninteresting, slow and 
difficult to do: “It’s a long drag” about a dull and long journey. “What a drag it is to 
have to get up early!” The functions of slang in the written texts may be the 
following: to characterize the speech of the person, to produce a special impression 
and humorous effect. E.g. bread basket- stomach, belt up-keep silence . The problem 
with learning slang is that it goes out of date very quickly. 
Jargons. Traditionally jargon is defined as the language difficult to understand, 
because it has a bad form or spoken badly. Sometimes jargon may stand for the 
language which is full of technical or special words. The vocabulary of jargons are 
the words existing in the language but which have acquired new meanings; there 
jargons of thieves, of jazz people, of the army, of sportsmen etc.
People who are far from that profession may not understand this jargon. Here 
are some illustrations from student’s jargon, exam, math, trig, ec(economics) prof 
(professor). 
The following jargon words are often used in spoken language. He’s a big shot 
(he is an important person), He is a fly boy (a cunning person, an old fox), What a 
dull dog! (an inexperienced person ), If you offered me the job, I’d jump at it (I 
would accept it immediately ). Many of jargon words are based on the use of the 
transferred meanings of words.