Microsoft Word stilistika O'UM. doc

 
EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES. TYPES OF 
LEXICAL MEANING 
All stylistic means of the Language can be divided into EM and SD " the 
expressive means of a languages are those phonetics, morphological, world building, 
lexical phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language as a system
for the purpose of logical and emotional intensification of the utterance .These
forms are described in the textbooks of the lexicology, grammar and various 
dictionaries . 
Among phonetic E M we distinguish such as pitch, melody stress and other 
way of using the voice, which reveal the logical and emotional strength of the 
language. 
Among morphological EM of special importance is the use of Historical 
present, "shall» as a modal verb. The word-building means are rare in the English 
language why the use of diminutive suffixes-kin (bootkin, boykin, ladykin) let 
(streamlet, booklet) and others brings much emphases and makes the narration 
expressive and emotional. 
Among lexical EM we must mention words with emotive meanings 
interjections, polysemantic words, slang etc. Proverbs and sayings also serve to make 
our speech more emphatic. The linguistic analysis of proverbs and saying show that 
they have got certain typical features which distinguish them from ordinary phrases 
and utterances. They always express the generalized idea. 
The boundaries of stylistics are not limited with the study of EM. In most cases 
we deal with SD. According to Prof. I.R.Galperin’s definition “SD is a conscious and 
intentional intensification of some typical structural and semantic property of a 
language unit promoted to generalized status and thus becoming a generative model” 
SD must always have some function in the text. Besides they bring some 
additional information. The conception that words possess several meanings gives 
rise to such SDs as metaphor, metonymy, irony, epithet and others.
Ex: 1 “He wants his girl friend to mother him.” – He wants his girl fiend to take care 
of him. (to protect him)

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2. The prices will come down soon.- The prices will be cheaper. 
The typical features of proverbs and sayings serve as the foundation for a SD which 
is called epigram i.e. brevity, rhythm and other properties of proverbs constitute a 
generative model into which new content is poured. 
Ex: Sweet is pleasure after pain. 
These phrases are not proverbs, they are creations of individual writers and 
poet. When such phrases are used in the text they accumulate great emotive force and 
function. They acquire a generalized status and thus easily become a SD while 
proverbs remain EM of the language. 
Thus we may draw the conclusion that EM are the facts of the language, while 
SDs are the property of the speech. They are the creation of individuals and are based 
on the peculiarities of existing EM of the language. This is in short the difference 
between EM and SD. 
While speaking about SD may we must always remember the force of one and 
the same SD may be different. In some cases the emotive charge may be very strong, 
in others it may be weak. It depends on the use of SD in one and the same function. 
Due to the overuse of the SD it may become hackneyed, trite and looses its freshness 
and brightness.