Minds and Computers : An Introduction to the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
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- Ockham’s razor
Loebner Prize
an instituted and annually conducted implement- ation of the Turing test. logic the research programme which investigates logics. logics formal systems which encode consequence relations – what ‘follows from’ what as a matter of logical form. materialism, reductive/Australian/central state various names for the philosophical theory of mind according to which types of mental states are identical to types of neural states. 214 minimax a procedure for determining winning strategies in the context of a formal system representing a two-player game. modus ponens the logical principle according to which we can deduce, from the truth of the antecedent of a conditional, the truth of its consequent. modus tollens the logical principle according to which we can deduce, from the falsity of the consequent of a conditional, the falsity of its antecedent. monophthong a sonorant phoneme whose production involves holding the tongue at one of the cardinal vowel positions. multiple realisability with respect to mental states, the fact that they can have more than one physical implementation, either across sub- jects or within a subject across time. neural plasticity the property of human brains such that certain parts of the brain can take up the customary function(s) of damaged parts of the brain – particularly prevalent in younger brains. neuron an individual cell of the nervous system. normative broadly speaking, a principle, or set of principles, which purports to tell us what we ought to do. obstruent a phoneme whose production requires that the passage of air through the articulatory apparatus be partially or completed obstructed. occasionalism a kind of mind–body dualism according to which minds and bodies do not interact, but rather God steps in from time to time to make things seem as if they do. Ockham’s razor a methodological constraint on theory construc- tion which maintains that one shouldn’t postulate any more entities than are strictly explanatorily necessary. ontology the core of metaphysics which deals with what, funda- mentally, there is – the ontology of dualism is one according to which there are two distinct substances. Download 1.05 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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