Ministry of education and science of the russian federation

Professional sports

In our time, when the culture of leisure has been greatly developed, sports competitions and observation of them have become popular entertainment for spectators and professional activities for athletes. High-level professional athletes earn large fees, as well as earn income by advertising various products, and become celebrities - sometimes exclusively among fans, and sometimes among the majority of the population.

To regulate what is happening in professional sports, general and highly specialized organizations and associations are formed that bring together athletes, coaches, referees, and sometimes fans. The fact that sport has become a business and a source of wealth greatly affects the essence of competitions. Due to the requirements of entertainment or convenience of refereeing, sports rules often change.

The importance of sport in modern life

Physical culture and sport are an integral part of the culture of society and each person individually. That is why our country has constantly attached and attaches great importance to the development of the mass physical culture movement. Considering the importance of physical culture in modern society, several aspects should be highlighted.

The first of them is wellness. In Russia, due to temporary disability during the year, 650 million man-days are lost, while economic losses amount to 10 billion rubles. Regular physical training dramatically reduces the incidence of the population, has a beneficial effect on the human psyche - on his attention, memory, thinking, contribute to the effective education of valuable personal qualities - perseverance, will, hard work, purposefulness, collectivism, sociability, develop an active life position. In addition, physical education helps people of all ages to use their free time effectively, as well as contribute to weaning themselves from socially and biologically harmful habits such as drinking alcohol and smoking.
The impact of exercise on the human body is expressed in a number of general biological effects.
Increase redundancy capacity. With the help of regular physical training, the potential of all human systems and organs is significantly increased. In extreme situations, they will function without overexertion observed in physically untrained people.
The effect of greening. At rest, all the systems and organs of a trained person work more economically. For example, the heart of a runner, swimmer, skier, rower contracts at rest with a frequency of 44-60 beats per minute, and a person who does not exercise regularly - 70-80. The number of breaths in trained people is 1.5-2 times less frequent than in untrained people.
Compensation effect. One of the main causes of morbidity of the population at present is low motor activity - hypokinesia. Its emergence is associated with the growing mechanization and automation of production and everyday life, an increase in the number of people engaged in mental work, the development of public and personal transport. Due to hypokinesia, the activity of all body systems worsens, the regulation of its functions, tissue nutrition, and premature aging occurs. Regular exercise helps to increase motor activity and compensate for the harmful effects of hypokinesia.
Regulatory effect. Targeted physical training (fitness, bodybuilding) can selectively improve body functions: both motor (increasing endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, coordination of movements) and autonomic (improving the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other body systems, metabolism).
The effect of active recreation. In the process of any activity, a person becomes tired. Performing even short-term sets of physical exercises, switching the activity of nerve centers, contributes to the effective restoration of both physical and mental performance and the removal of neuro-emotional overstrain.
Trophic (nourishing) effect. According to modern physiology, all internal organs of a person through the central nervous system are reflexively connected with muscles. Therefore, performing dosed muscular work, a person actively affects all internal organs. At the same time, the nutrition of their tissues improves. Thanks to these connections of organs with muscles, numerous "miracles" occur when, with the help of regular and purposeful physical education, a person is healed from seemingly incurable diseases. The subjective expression of this effect is the feeling of "muscular joy", motor euphoria, pleasure. Especially clearly "muscle joy" is felt after cyclic exercises of low intensity (cyclic movements are called movements with constantly repeating phases, these include walking, running, swimming, skiing, etc.). In addition, this feeling appears in the process of performing gymnastic exercises, as well as after practicing any kind of physical education.
The effect of "peripheral hearts". As shown by the research of the Belarusian physiologist N.I. Arinchin, muscles when contracted by a complex mechanism of vibrational nature help to push blood through the vascular system. Each muscle is not only a consumer of blood, but also a self-sustaining organ, a powerful pump - the "peripheral heart". Therefore, regular exercise, including these "hearts", improve the circulatory system, help the activity of the heart muscle.
These effects interact with each other in the process of physical training, providing a powerful healing effect on the body. You can join physical culture in several ways: by training in a sports section in any sport, participating in health groups at your place of work or residence, as well as doing it yourself: with the whole family or alone. Currently, self-study is the most popular and popular. However, in order to achieve the greatest success, it is necessary to master the basic theoretical knowledge in this area. It is physical education "literacy" that will allow you to rationally organize training in the family.
Sport Professional Russia