Ministry of health protection of the republic of uzbekistan

TEXT A. CORONARY HEART DISEASE

1. The coronary blood vessels surrounding the heart have derived their name from the fact that they encircle the heart like a crown, or corona. These vessels transport almost a half pint of blood every minute over the surface of the heart. Any sudden blockage of one of the coronary arteries deprives that section of the heart of its blood supply. Cardiac cells die, heart contractions may cease, and circulation may come to a standstill. If a coronary artery is completely plugged, the condition is called a coro­nary occlusion or heart at­tack. The vascular pathologic disorder itself has been very variable. If the obstruction is only partial or in one of the smaller coronary tribu­taries, prompt treatment of­ten leads to the individual's recovery. An occlusion in main coronary arteries is very serious and may cause sudden death other causes of the coronary disease in­clude heavy physical exercise, aging, diatetic habits, obesity, smoking, or hypertension.

2. Pain which had been developed in the heart may be due to a blood-flow deficiency in the coronary vessels. This is referred to (actually felt in) the left arm

and shoulder. Such pain from the heart has been called angina pectoris. Angina pectoris may not actually be noticed until the work load is too great in relation to the flow in the coronary vessels. People who had experienced it repeatedly often do not feel pain unless they experience strong emotion. Others experience it much of the time.
3. Fortunately, the great majority of coronary disease patients will have recovered and have been able to lead active, useful lives, when they receive proper treatment under good medical supervision. There are many preparations which have been effective and are under clinical investigation at the present time.
4. Heart and artery diseases have been presently the number one health problem in the world. Cardiovascular ailments are by far the chief causes of illness, disability, and death among both middle-aged and elderly people. Among these, coronary heart disease, illness of the blood vessels supplying the heart, is responsible for the greatest number of deaths (over 50 per cent of all cardiovascular diseases). Causes of other cardiovascular disease deaths, in order of decreasing importance, are stroke and hypertension. These three diseases are responsible for more than 80 per cent of all cardiovascular disease deaths.
5. Like cancer and emphysema, heart diseases appear to be related to the extension of the average life span. Certain factors are definitely involved in the high incidence of heart disease - the stress, diets high in saturated fats, the tendency toward obesity with age, lack of sufficient physical exercise, and the incidence of smoking. These factors appear to relate to a higher incidence of heart desease than in societies lacking these characteristics.
6. The severity and danger of heart and artery diseases which we had previously described cannot be minimized; a disease in an arm or leg may cripple a person, but a disease of the heart may lead to his death.


Exercise 8. Find the anwers to the following questions in text А and read them.
1. What kinds of cardiovascular diseases have been discribed in text A? 2. What does the sudden blockage of the coronary artery result in? 3. What are the conditions caused by coronary occlusion? 4. What is angina pectoris? What do people experience in this condition? 5. Why heart and artery diseases have been recently the number one health problem in the world?


Exercise 9. Choose and insert the necessary word to the following sentences: fortunately, approximately, also.
1. ..., the great majority of coronary disease patients recovers and is able to lead active, useful lives if they receive proper treatment under good medical supervision. 2. ... one fourth of all deaths in the world result from coronary artery disease. 3. ... it is estimated that more than one out of every ten persons suffers some degree of insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.