Ministry of higher and secondary

PSEUDOINTERNATIONAL WORDS (“FALSE TRANSLATOR FRIENDS”)

In the English text quite often there are words characteristic of international vocabulary, having a similar spelling or sound (see above). Words of this kind can both help and interfere with translation. This happens when the borrowed word

acquires new meanings and then its semantic structure completely changing, or purely random coincidences occur. Such words are usually called pseudointernational, or "false friends of the translator." Often, the immediate context precludes misunderstanding. The situation is more complicated when in different languages such words belong to the same circle of concepts, but their interpretation different.
Examples are the words decade — on yillik, decade — on kun; intelligent – aq’lli,intellegent emas. Words that share a common meaning with related Uzbek words are even more difficult: professor professor, lekin o’qituvchi emas; anecdote, anecdotga tegishli – lekin doim q’iziq’arli emas, but very often about a typical, characteristic or interesting, instructive case.


Exercise 1. Analyze and translate sentences, paying attention to the highlighted words. Use the dictionary if necessary.

1. 
   There are slow-speed handpieces which operate between 10 and 5,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) and are driven by electricity or compressed air.
   
2. 
   If the mucosa is too thin, the slightest inaccuracy in impression recording is likely to result in pain of inflammation of the mucosa.
   
3. 
   Still another problem with cephalometric diagnosis and treatment planning is that the norms may not be accurate because of different soft tissue posturing.
   
4. 
   Natural head posture is preferred because of its demonstrated