Ministry of the higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan samarkand state institute of foreign languages
the apple of Sodom – yolg’on omad
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semantic structures of english phraseological units and proverbs with proper names
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- the early bird catches the worm”.
the apple of Sodom – yolg’on omad
can the leopard change his spots – bukrini go’r to’g’rilaydi haul somebody over the coal –biron narsaga berilib ketmoq submit to the influence of somebody – birovning nog’orasiga o’ynamoq In English to lock the stable door after the horse is stolen, to ride the high horse (means to behave superior haughty way), to show one’s teeth (to take a
16 treating tone, show an intention to injure ), to wash one’s dirty linen in public (discuss to make on public one’s quarrels). Russian people “vinosit sor iz izbi” because Russian people used to live in the houses called “izba” . History shows that the creative practice of writers normally was successful in case when author developed meaning of words according to the rules of internal language development. The impact of internal rules of language development reveals the fact that alongside with direct meanings figurative meanings also appear as a result of metaphorization process. Development of meanings of words can be vividly traced in the phraseological innovations of writers, in which words put into new and unusual contacts assume quite different meanings. V.V.Vingradov said: “it is quite necessary to dwell on the nature of enriching and complicating meanings of the words belonging to the lexicon of language, as the semantic development of the lexicon words is related to enriching standard language phraseology”. Formation and extension of figurative meanings in the words belonging to the lexicon result in creating phraseological units included into the lexicon of language. When we glance to history of literature there some sources, mythology or the Bible begin to be used as a self-contained unit, it may also lose all connection with the original context and as a result of this become non motivated. The phraseological unit the green-eyed monster (jealously) can be easily found as a part of the quotation from Shakespeare “it is the green-eyed
however, it functions as a non- motivated self- contained phraseological unit and is also used to denote the T.V. set, Achilles heel – “the weak spot in a man’s circumstances or character” can be traced back to mythology, but it seems that in Modern English this word group functions as a phraseological unit largely because most English speakers do not connect it with the myth from which it was extracted.
17 Proverbs have a long history. English people use proverbs in speech so often, that proverbs will be a valuable help to the advanced people of the language. English proverbs are attractive because they involve a small mass of comparatively accessible material. Proverbs are, moreover, easy to group and to execute. Proverbs are so much the common property of all Englishmen that in conversation it is often enough to repeat just the beginning of a proverb; the rest easily supplied by the other collocutor. By studying English proverbs we can know the history of that country. We introduce the political, economical, social life of the country. The history of English proverbs traces back through one recession after another to the collection printed in Frankfurt in 1611. This is the main stream. At the beginning the proverbs were not in alphabetical order. They were mixed. But in 1659 James Howell the first English proverbs in alphabetical order. In Howell’s lists of Spanish and Italian proverbs there are borrowings which preserve the original alphabetical order. In sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the group of scientists collected the main list of proverbs. This collection was popular at that time. By knowing the history of proverbs we can compare the idea of proverbs some centuries ago and now. There are, furthermore, curious details of cultural history in some proverbial comparison and these must be examined and interpreted Example: “as mad as a march hare”, “ as mad as a hatter”, or “ as good as gold «they refers to the good behavior of a child but which must once alluded to gold as a monetary standard. Some proverbs are related to some folk practice and customs. For example, every cloud has a silver lining. In the past English believed that, nothing was wholly dark or full of unmixed sorrow or gloom. There was some good in every evil. In history, as we know, it was not easy to live, there were a lot of difficulties. Some proverbs came from ancient people deeply rooted beliefs such as their superstitious tendency and belief. In the past English people believed that if the person waked up early, he would be lucky. In turn English people have got a proverb “ the early bird catches the worm”. They believed that, an early riser
18 is sure to be in luck. Our Uzbek people also agree with this proverb. They think, the one who is prompt to seize is opportunities achieves success. Some proverbs came from social life of people. They said, that apple came out under the apple tree and they use such kind of proverbs “like mother, like
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