Ministry of the higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan samarkand state institute of foreign languages
of history, lexica-grammatical frames, the faintest idea, the least idea, the
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semantic structures of english phraseological units and proverbs with proper names
of history, lexica-grammatical frames, the faintest idea, the least idea, the
slightest idea. On the one hand, the concept of simile is defined and the differences between similes and comparisons pointed out, on the other hands, similes and metaphors are described in some detail with reference to the literature. Then in grammatical category there are four simile patterns are extracted from the BNC: as Adj/Adv as, is like, is like V+ing and V like a. So phraseological units represent the most colorful and expressive part of the English language vocabulary. Stability lexical and grammatical means that no lexical substitution is possible in an idiom in comparison with full or variable word-combinations. The experiments conducted in the 1990s showed that the meaning of phraseological units is not exactly identical to its literal paraphrase given in the dictionary entry. That’s why we may speak about lexical flexibility of many units if they are used in a creative manner. Lexical stability is usually accompanied by grammatical stability which prohibits any grammatical changes. To illustrate this point there are given some examples: E.g. “as hungry as a wolf” (as a hunter), “as safe as a house” (houses). In English as in other languages there are many fixed identifiable, non- idiomatic phrases and constructions such groups of words are called: grammatical and lexical collocations. Typical lexical collocations consist of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs. Benson and Ilson classify lexical collocations by structural types: • Verb+noun (wind a watch, quench one’s thirsty) • Adj+noun (torrential rain) • Noun+verb (volcanoes erupt) 26 • Noun+of+noun (a school of whales) • Adv+adj (closely acquainted) • Verb+adv (apologize humbly) Such kind of classification is made the meaning of the sentences more colorful. Grammatical meaning of defined as the expression in speech of relationships between words. The grammatical meaning is more abstract and more generalized, than the lexical meaning. It is recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words as the meaning of plurality in the following words students, book, windows, and compositions. Comparing word-forms of one and the same word we observe that besides grammatical meaning, there is another component of meaning to be found in them. Unlike the grammatical meaning this component is identical in all the forms of the word. Thus, for example: the word forms go, goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meaning of tense, person and so on, but in each of these forms we find one and the same semantic component denoting the process of movement. This is the lexical meaning of the word, which may be described as the component of meaning proper to the word as a linguistic unit, i.e. recurrent in all the forms of this word. Examples: a danger foreseen is half avoided, he that once deceives is ever suspected, god’s mill grinds slow but sure, loses on the swings and gain on the roundabout. By these examples we can understand how we may connect the grammatical and lexical features in the proverbs. In conclusion I want to say the differences between grammatical and lexical category. In grammatical category we pay attention to grammatical structure of the proverbs, i.e. from which tense, voice are there. In lexical we notice the meaning of the sentences in the proverbs. Different types of phraseological units with various leaning strategies can be taught at different levels. The main goal of language teaching must be to create opportunities to acquire more and more language. We need to know more new words with more fixed collocations increasing their collocation competence 27 with words which they already know. It is lexis and collocations competence which allows us to red more widely, understand more quickly and speak more fluently. Download 0.71 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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