Minstry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan

GRAMMATICAL MEANING
EXPLICIT IMPLICIT
GENERAL DEPENDENT
Grammatical categories.
Grammatical categories are formed by the union of the same grammatical meanings with the same form (eg singular::plural). Due to the dialectal unity of language and thought, grammatical categories are interrelated, on the one hand, with conceptual categories, and on the other hand, with objective reality. This can be shown using the triangle model:
Conceptual reality
Conceptual category
Objective truth
Lingual truth
Objective category
Grammatical category
It follows that we can define grammatical categories as referents of corresponding objective categories. For example, the objective category of time is expressed in the grammatical category of tense, and the objective category of quantity is expressed in the grammatical category of number. Grammatical categories with references
in objective reality referents are called grammatical categories. However, not all grammatical categories have links
objective reality, only a few of which do not correspond to anything in objective reality. Such categories are only related to conceptual issues:
Conceptual correlation
Lingual correlation
They are called marked categories. This type includes mood and level categories. When talking about a grammatical category
We can say that mood has modality as a conceptual correlate. This can be explained by the fact that it does not refer to anything in objective reality - it expresses the attitude of the speaker to what he said.
The notion of opposition.
Any grammatical category must be represented by at least two grammatical forms (for example, the grammatical category of number - singular and plural forms). The contrast between two grammatical forms that differ in meaning and external features is called book:: books (indefinite member/definite member).
All grammatical categories find their realization through contrasts, e.g. the grammatical category of number is realized through the contrast singular::plural.
Taking into account all of the above, we can define a grammatical category as a contrast between two mutually exclusive classes of forms (a class of forms is a set of words with the same exact grammatical meaning). Means of implementation of grammatical categories can be synthetic (closer) and analytical (beautiful - beautiful).