Minstry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan

MINSTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED EDUCATION
OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY of UZBEKISTAN
named after MIRZO ULUGBEK

PRACTICAL ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

Speciality: 5120100-Phililogy and teaching languages (English)

ABSALOMOVA BURULOY QO’CHQARBOY QIZI

On the theme: “English borrowings in Latin and French ”

COURSE PAPER

Scientific adviser:
H.S. Maksudova


TASHKENT 2022
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI
OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TALIM VAZIRLIGI


MIRZO ULUG’BEK NOMIDAGI
O’ZBEKISTON MILLIY UNIVERSITETI


AMALIY INGLIZ TILI VA ADABIYOTSHUNOSLIK KAFEDRASI

5120100 – Filologiya va tillarni o’qitish (ingliz tili) ta’lim yo’nalishi

ABSALOMOVA BURULOY QO’CHQARBOY QIZI

“Lotin va fransuz tilidagi inglizcha qarz so’zlar” mavzusidagi

KURS ISHI

Ilmiy rahbar:
H.S. Maksudova

TOSHKENT 2022

CONTENTS
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………3
Chapter I …………………………………………………………………………7
1.1 Meaning of borrowing and its types…………………………………………..7
1.2 Importance of borrowing word…………………………………………….…11
Chapter II .……………………………………………………………………….19
2.1 English borrowings from Latin……………………………………………....19
2.2 English borrowings from French……………………………………………..23
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..30
The list of used literature……………………………………………….………...31

Introduction
A comprehensive analysis of the current state of the lexical system of a language is impossible without knowledge of the history of its development and a consistent study of its various historical sections. The unity of the synchronic and diachronic approaches is absolutely necessary here.
Being an integral part of the English language system, vocabulary develops and enriches itself, along with this system, being in a very complex and multilateral relationship with it.
If we consider the vocabulary of the English language, then all the words included in it should be considered English, with the exception of those words that, by their form, betray their foreign origin. For example: padishah - padishah (from Persian); khaliff - caliph (from Arabic), etc.
But there are relatively few such words in English. The vast majority of words are perceived in the modern language as English words, whatever their actual origin. In fact, native English words are those known from the Old English period. They make up less than half of the English vocabulary. The rest of the vocabulary is words of foreign origin, which came from Latin, Greek, French, Scandinavian and other languages.
In the process of its development, the English language encountered many languages, from which it borrowed a variety of words. They are not the same in number and proportion in the vocabulary of the English language.
Words of foreign origin are called borrowings .
The borrowing of lexical elements from one language to another is a very ancient phenomenon and is already known to the languages ​​of the ancient world.
Among the many problems associated with the process of the historical development of the English language, one of the important places is the problem of borrowings. The socio-historical conditions for the development of European society developed in such a way that until the 20th century, of all languages, it was French that gave the largest number of borrowings to other European languages. In the process of its historical development, the English language has undergone a special influence of the process of borrowing from the French language. The history of the English language can be divided into 3 periods.
Old English begins with the settlement of the Germanic tribes in the British Isles, and dates from the 5th century AD, or from the emergence of writing in the 7th century AD. Thus, the Old English period dates from the 5th to the 11th century.
The Middle English period begins with the Norman Conquests (1066) and continues until the end of the 15th century (until the beginning of printing in 1475).
And finally, the modern English period begins from 1500 and continues up to the present day. The influence of borrowings manifested itself most clearly in the Middle English period. However, in all subsequent periods of the existence of the English language, French borrowings are present and actively functioning.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, due to a number of historical reasons, there was an increase in the influence of England on the socio-political and cultural life of European countries in general, and France in particular. During this period, there is a sharp decline in the penetration of French borrowings compared to previous periods in the development of the English language system, since the dawn of the English nation was accompanied by the formation of a national English language. That is why the French borrowings that function in the English language in this period are of interest for study.
The problem of studying French borrowings was dealt with by V.D. Arakin, B.A. Ilyish, A.I. Smirnitsky and other authors.