Modern views and research 2021 International scientific and practical Conference

changing the tablecloth, and handing tea to the guests. After she had finished 
serving, Toibeka sat down near Oftob Oyim and ate her cold food.” [5; 51]
In Uzbek language “bir tutam” is used to show the time, which means “very 
short time”. [6; 205] This phraseological unit is concretized as “Winter days are so 
brief” by Carol Ermakova and as “Short winter days” by Mark Reese. Both 
translations were translated precisely so that the readers of the target language could 
fully understand the content and reality of the original. Now let’s pay attention to the 

---

Modern views and research – 2021
International scientific and practical Conference 
ISBN 978-1-83853-487-5 
5 
translation of the another phrase quyuq-suyuq. It means “dishes, meals” in source 
language text. [6; 396] Carol Ermakova concretized this phrase as “The dishes were 
plentiful and varied”, while Mark Reese translated as “Qutidor solemnly welcomed 
them with the openheartedness that was in his nature”. And Carol Ermakova's 
translation is closer to the original text. The last sample from the passage of SL is 
sovub qolgʻan osh. “Osh” is a national dish of Uzbek nation. It has several meanings 
in Uzbek language, but in the context of the SL it means pilaf. [6; 168] Carol 
Ermakova concretized it as pilaf, long-since grown cold, while Mark Reese 
generalized its meaning as cold food. Food means “the things that people or animals 
eat” in Macmillan dictionary. [7; 547] In conclusion, we can say that both translators 
used the two subtypes of lexical substitution, a concretization and a generalization, 
effectively in their translation process.
Used literature 
1. Zoya Proshina. Theory of translation (English and Russian). Vladivostok Far 
Eastern University Press. 2008. 42 p. 
2. E.S. Aznaurova, Kh.I. Abdurakhmanova, I.M. Demidova, M.T. Iriskulov, N.V. 
Phomenko, M.A. Sabirova, S. T. Takhirjanova, M.K. Khudaiberganova. 
Translation theory and practice. Ukituvchi. 1989. 9 p. 
3. Abdulla Qodiriy. O’tkan kunlar. Novel. “Sharq” Press. Tashkent 2018.
4. Carol Ermakova. Days Gone by. Nouveau Monde Editions. Paris. 2018. 
5. Mark Reese. O’tkan kunlar (Bygone Days). Published by Muloqot Cultural 
Engagement Program. Nashville TN. 2018.
1. E.Begmatov, A.Madvaliyev, N.Mahkamov, T.Mirzayev, N.Toʻkhliyev, 
E.Umarov, D. Khudoyberganova, A. Khojiyev. Dictionary of the Uzbek 
language. “Uzbekistan national encyclopedia” Press. Tashkent. 
2. Macmillan English Dictionary. For advanced learners. Bloomsbury Publishing 
Plc. 2002.